National Quantum Mission (NQM)

Introduction: It will be implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry of Science and Technology. The objective of the mission planned for the year 2023-2031 is to sow, nurture, and scale up scientific and industrial R&D. It also aims to build a vibrant and innovative ecosystem in Quantum Technology (QT). With this mission, India will become the seventh country (along with the US, Austria, Finland, France, Canada, and China) to implement a dedicated quantum mission.

Mission Highlights: It aims to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers of 50-100 physical qubits in the next 5 years and 50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years. Just as bits (Is and 0s) are the basic units by which computers process information, 'qubits' or 'quantum bits' are the units used by quantum computers. The mission will help develop precision timing (atomic clocks), and high sensitivity magnetometers for communication and navigation. It will also support the design and synthesis of quantum materials such as superconductors, novel semiconductor structures, and topological materials for building quantum devices.

The mission will also help in the development of:

• Satellite-based secure quantum communication between ground stations within India within a range of 2000 km.
• Long-distance secure quantum communication with other countries
• Inter-city quantum key distributions over 2000 km.
• Multi-node quantum networks with quantum memory.

Significance: It will accelerate quantum technology-driven economic growth and make India one of the leading nations in developing Quantum Technologies and Applications (QTA) in diverse sectors such as healthcare and diagnostics, defence, energy, and data security. It will work towards indigenously building quantum-based com¬puters that are far more efficient and capable of solving the most complex problems in a highly secure.

COP29: Agenda, Goals, and Potential Outcomes

Introduction to COP29

The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP29) marks a pivotal event in global efforts to tackle climate change. With the recent surge in extreme weather events, rising global temperatures, and persistent calls for climate action, COP29 brings together global leaders, scientists, advocates, and policymakers to address urgent climate concerns. COP29 offers a significant opportunity to evaluate progress, renew commitments, and create actionable plans that contribute to the collective goal of curbing climate change.

What is COP29?

COP29, part of the annual United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) conferences, gathers representatives from nearly 200 countries to discuss climate policy and agreements. Each COP is a platform for assessing climate challenges, negotiating terms for emissions reductions, and securing international cooperation. This year's conference will likely attract thousands of delegates, with an emphasis on bridging the gap between developing and developed nations.

Historical Context of COP Conferences

Understanding COP29’s objectives requires looking back at major achievements from previous COP sessions:

• Kyoto Protocol (COP3): Established binding commitments for developed nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Paris Agreement (COP21): This landmark accord saw almost all nations agree to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C, with efforts to restrict it to 1.5°C.
• Glasgow Climate Pact (COP26): Reaffirmed the urgency of reducing emissions and pledged to phase down coal and fossil fuel subsidies.

Each COP builds upon the past, with COP29 expected to address unfinished agendas and advance new climate actions.

COP29 Agenda: Key Issues and Priorities

COP29’s agenda will revolve around:

• Adaptation and Mitigation: A core focus on strategies that protect communities from climate impacts while reducing emissions.
• Global Temperature Goals: Reaffirming the commitment to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C.
• Long-term Emission Reduction Targets: Setting and refining targets for countries to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century.

These topics aim to fortify global resilience against climate impacts, protect ecosystems, and build momentum toward a sustainable future.

Climate Finance: Funding for Developing Nations

Climate finance remains a central issue at COP29, especially regarding support for developing countries disproportionately impacted by climate change. Developed nations previously committed to providing $100 billion annually, but this goal must still be met. At COP29, countries are expected to discuss new mechanisms, such as:

• Innovative Funding Tools: Mechanisms like carbon trading, debt relief for green investments, and global tax schemes.
• Direct Investment in Green Infrastructure: Boosting renewable energy projects, sustainable agriculture, and climate-resilient infrastructure in vulnerable regions.

Loss and Damage: A Focus on Climate Justice

Loss and damage refer to the adverse impacts that vulnerable nations face due to climate change. This year, COP29 will likely revisit the loss and damage fund, initiated at COP27, which aims to provide financial support for countries facing irreversible climate impacts. Key goals include:

• Operationalizing the Fund: Finalizing the governance structure and resource allocation for loss and damage funding.
• Broadening Financial Support: Gaining contributions from both public and private sectors to meet the needs of affected communities.

Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence

With fossil fuels accounting for a major share of global emissions, COP29 will likely prioritize actions to decrease reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas. Goals in this area include:

• Transition to Renewable Energy: Increasing commitments for clean energy sources like wind, solar, and hydro.
• Phasing Out Coal: Continuing efforts to reduce coal consumption, especially in high-emission sectors.
• Reducing Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Redirecting financial support from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

Adaptation Strategies for Resilient Societies

While mitigation seeks to reduce emissions, adaptation focuses on preparing societies to live with the impacts of climate change. COP29 is set to enhance adaptation strategies that strengthen resilience, particularly for vulnerable regions:

• Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Supporting farming practices that withstand extreme weather.
• Coastal Protection Initiatives: Building defenses against rising sea levels for island nations and coastal communities.
• Community-Based Adaptation: Engaging local communities in planning and implementing adaptation measures.

Sustainable Development Goals and Climate

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim for a holistic approach to sustainability. COP29’s discussions will emphasize:

• Integration with SDGs: Addressing climate change in ways that support broader development goals, such as reducing poverty and improving health.
• Cross-Sector Collaboration: Recognizing the interconnectedness of climate, economy, and society.

By aligning with the SDGs, COP29 reinforces the idea that climate solutions should advance both environmental and human welfare.

Technology and Innovation in Climate Solutions

Technological innovation is key to achieving ambitious climate goals, and COP29 will highlight several tech-driven initiatives:

• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Technologies designed to capture and store carbon emissions from industrial sources.
• Renewable Energy Advancements: Innovations in energy storage, grid management, and renewable energy production.
• Smart Agriculture: Using technology to reduce agricultural emissions, improve yields, and enhance food security.

Youth and Indigenous Leadership in Climate Action

COP29 will focus on increasing youth and Indigenous voices in climate discussions, recognizing the essential role these groups play in shaping sustainable futures:

• Youth Empowerment: Amplifying youth-led initiatives and campaigns.
• Indigenous Knowledge: Leveraging indigenous practices for conservation, biodiversity, and land management.

Expected Commitments from Major Nations

At COP29, commitments from major economies like the United States, China, the European Union, and India will be crucial. Expected areas of focus include:

• Strengthened Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Enhancing emission reduction targets and deadlines.
• Support for Developing Countries: Allocating funds, technology, and capacity-building resources.

Monitoring and Accountability: Ensuring Progress

To avoid unfulfilled promises, COP29 will emphasize robust monitoring mechanisms. This includes:

• Transparent Reporting: Requiring countries to report progress openly.
• Accountability Measures: Holding countries accountable for missed targets.

Challenges Facing COP29

Despite global urgency, COP29 faces numerous challenges, such as:

• Political Conflicts: Disagreements between developed and developing nations over responsibilities and funding.
• Economic Pressures: Balancing climate goals with economic growth, especially for fossil-fuel-dependent countries.

Potential Outcomes of COP29

COP29’s outcomes could range from ambitious commitments to incremental progress:

• Best-Case Scenario: Global consensus on strong emission reductions, climate finance, and adaptation measures.
• Moderate Outcome: Limited but notable progress with enhanced pledges from a subset of nations.
• Worst-case scenario: Stalemates that leave critical issues unresolved.

Conclusion: The Road Ahead Post-COP29

COP29 offers an essential platform to renew commitments, establish new financial mechanisms, and drive significant climate action. The urgency of climate change requires not only strong policies but also an unwavering commitment to a sustainable future.

FAQs

Q. What is COP?
ANS: COP stands for Conference of the Parties, an annual climate summit organized by the UN to address climate policy.

Q. How do COP decisions affect daily life?
ANS: COP agreements influence global policies on energy, agriculture, and industry, which impact daily life through regulations, funding, and environmental protection efforts.

Q. What are the key goals for COP29?
ANS: COP29 focuses on emission reductions, climate finance, and strengthening resilience against climate impacts.

Q. What role does technology play at COP29?
ANS: Technology supports emission reduction, energy efficiency, and adaptation strategies essential for meeting climate goals.

Q. How will COP29 impact future climate policies?
ANS: COP29’s outcomes will shape future climate policies, influencing global cooperation, funding, and targets for years to come.

Gujarat becomes India’s first state to implement a dedicated semiconductor policy

Gujarat's Groundbreaking Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027: Paving the Path for India’s Semiconductor Self-Reliance

The Gujarat government has launched India's first Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027, marking a major step toward semiconductor self-reliance. Spearheaded by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, this ambitious initiative aims to establish Gujarat as a prominent player in India’s semiconductor landscape, driven by the newly established Gujarat State Electronics Mission.

Major Projects Transforming Gujarat’s Semiconductor Industry

Under this visionary policy, significant investments are reshaping Gujarat's semiconductor capabilities. Recently, Chief Minister Patel inaugurated the construction of Micron’s advanced semiconductor ATMP (Assembly, Test, Mark, and Pack) plant in Sanand, an enterprise worth over ₹22,500 crore. This plant is a pivotal development under the Gujarat Semiconductor Policy, symbolizing the state's drive toward advanced semiconductor assembly capabilities.

In addition, Tata Electronics Private Limited (TEPL) and Taiwan’s Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) have committed to establishing India’s first AI-enabled semiconductor fabrication facility in Dholera’s planned "Semicon City." This monumental project, valued at more than ₹91,000 crore, signifies Gujarat's strategic alignment with AI-enhanced semiconductor production and is expected to drive substantial economic growth.

Expanded Infrastructure with OSAT and High-Capacity Chip Production Facilities

The policy also supports new ventures by CG Power and Renesas, who are jointly setting up a state-of-the-art Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) facility in Sanand, totaling an investment of ₹7,500 crore. This facility will bolster Gujarat’s semiconductor testing and packaging infrastructure, essential for producing high-quality, globally competitive semiconductor products.

Additionally, Kaynes Semicon has received government approval to build a semiconductor production plant in Sanand with an anticipated daily output of 6 million chips. Backed by an investment of ₹3,300 crore, this facility is expected to further advance Gujarat's semiconductor manufacturing capacity, generating a substantial number of highly skilled jobs.

Incentives and Financial Support for Semiconductor Investments in Gujarat

Recognizing the intensive capital requirements of the semiconductor industry, Gujarat’s Semiconductor Policy provides a variety of financial incentives to encourage investment. These include:

• 40% Capital Expenditure Subsidy: A unique incentive offered by Gujarat to assist with high upfront costs.
• 100% Stamp Duty and Registration Fee Refund: A one-time refund of all stamp duty and registration fees for semiconductor businesses.
• Energy and Water Subsidies: A subsidy of ₹2 per unit on electricity and water provision at a competitive rate of ₹12 per cubic meter.
• Land Acquisition Subsidy: Up to 75% land acquisition subsidy for semiconductor units established in Dholera, promoting the development of the Greenfield Smart City as India’s first "Semicon City."

These financial incentives, designed to reduce costs and encourage large-scale semiconductor production, are bolstering Gujarat’s position as a top destination for high-tech investments.

Dholera’s Semicon City: A Strategic Hub for India’s Semiconductor Ambitions

The policy’s focus on Dholera as India’s first Greenfield Smart City adds a strategic layer to Gujarat’s semiconductor ambitions. Branded as Semicon City, this area is specifically designed to attract semiconductor manufacturing and fabrication investments. As part of this vision, Dholera aims to foster an ecosystem that supports the semiconductor supply chain, research, and technological advancement, positioning it as a pivotal center for India’s semiconductor industry.

Significant Investment Commitments Drive Employment and Economic Growth

Gujarat’s semiconductor initiatives have already attracted commitments from four major industry players, with a cumulative investment of ₹1.24 lakh crore. This wave of investment is expected to generate approximately 53,000 jobs, offering a substantial boost to local employment and skill development in high-tech fields.

Alignment with India’s National Semiconductor Mission

Gujarat’s state-level efforts align seamlessly with the India Semiconductor Mission, introduced by the central government in 2021 with a budget of ₹76,000 crore. This mission aims to strengthen domestic semiconductor production, meeting rising demand across sectors such as telecommunications, automotive, consumer electronics, and data centers. As of 2020, India’s semiconductor market was valued at $15 billion and is anticipated to exceed $63 billion by 2026, demonstrating the potential for exponential growth in the coming years.

Conclusion: A New Era of Semiconductor Development in Gujarat

With the Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027, the state is setting a new standard for semiconductor development in India. By fostering significant investment, offering substantial financial support, and creating specialized infrastructure like Semicon City, Gujarat is positioning itself as a powerhouse for semiconductor innovation. The policy not only supports India’s goal of self-reliance but also aligns with global industry trends, ensuring that Gujarat plays a leading role in the country’s technology-driven future.

American Presidential Election Guide: Process and Importance

Introduction

Every four years, the American Presidential Election brings citizens together to choose the nation’s leader, making it one of the most impactful democratic processes in the world. But how does this process work, and why does it matter so much? This article breaks down the essentials of the American Presidential Election, from the journey of the candidates to the final voting day. Whether you're a first-time voter or just curious, this guide provides a comprehensive overview of what you need to know.

What is the American Presidential Election?

The American Presidential Election is a national event where voters decide who will hold the office of the President and lead the country. This democratic process has shaped U.S. history and allowed citizens to have a say in the nation’s future.

The History of American Presidential Elections

The American Presidential Election has a rich history, dating back to George Washington’s election in 1789. Since then, it has evolved into a complex process that includes political parties, state-by-state voting, and the Electoral College system.

Key Players: Political Parties and Candidates

The major political parties in the United States, primarily the Democratic and Republican parties, nominate candidates to run for the presidency. These candidates often represent different ideals, policies, and visions for the country’s future.

Understanding the Primaries and Caucuses

The election process begins with primaries and caucuses, which determine each party’s presidential candidate. In primaries, registered voters cast their votes, while caucuses involve local gatherings where members discuss and select their preferred candidate.

The Role of Conventions and Nominations

After the primaries and caucuses, each party holds a national convention where they officially nominate their candidate. This event is a big milestone in the election process, often marked by speeches, party celebrations, and a solidified campaign platform.

How the Electoral College Works

The Electoral College is a unique aspect of the American electoral system. Rather than winning by the popular vote, candidates must secure a majority of Electoral College votes - a set number of votes assigned to each state based on population.

Voter Registration and Eligibility

In the U.S., not every citizen is automatically eligible to vote. Voter eligibility depends on several factors, including age, citizenship status, and lack of felony convictions in some states. Registration deadlines vary by state, and it’s essential for eligible voters to be registered ahead of the election.

Election Day: Casting Your Vote

Election Day is typically held on the first Tuesday in November. This is when registered voters head to the polls to cast their votes. Many people compare Election Day to a “race,” with each state’s votes adding up to determine the overall winner.

Counting the Votes and Announcing Results

After the vote is concluded, officials count the votes, often with intense media coverage. The candidate who reaches the required 270 Electoral College votes first is declared the winner, though all ballots are carefully counted to ensure accuracy.

Importance of Swing States and Battlegrounds

Certain states, known as swing states or battleground states, often have a significant impact on the election outcome. These states don’t consistently vote for one party, making them crucial for candidates to win.

Media’s Role in the Presidential Election

The media plays a significant role in elections by informing the public about candidates, policies, and events. News coverage, debates, and advertisements all influence voter opinions, helping people make informed decisions.

The Impact of Campaign Strategies

Campaign strategies vary widely, from town hall meetings to national TV appearances. Each candidate’s strategy is carefully planned to target key demographics and influence public opinion.

What Happens After the Election?

Once the votes are counted, the President-elect prepares for the transition into office. The inauguration ceremony, held in January, is the official swearing-in and marks the start of the new President’s term.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q. What is the difference between the popular vote and the Electoral College?
ANS: The popular vote reflects the total votes cast by citizens, while the Electoral College vote determines the actual winner of the election.

Q. Why do we have an Electoral College?
ANS: The Electoral College balances influence across states, especially benefiting less-populated states and ensuring a broader representation in elections.

Q. What are swing states?
ANS: Swing states are states where voters often switch party preferences between elections, making them critical in deciding the election outcome.

Q. Can I vote if I missed the registration deadline?
ANS: No, you must be registered before the state’s deadline to vote. Some states offer same-day registration, allowing voters to register on Election Day.

Q. What happens if no candidate receives 270 Electoral College votes?
ANS: If no candidate reaches 270 votes, the decision goes to the House of Representatives, where each state delegation casts one vote to determine the President.

Conclusion: Why Every Vote Counts

The American Presidential Election is a cornerstone of democracy, giving citizens the power to shape the future of their country. Every vote is essential in deciding the path the nation will take. Whether you’re a first-time voter or a seasoned participant, understanding the election process helps you make an informed choice. Remember, your voice and vote are vital to preserving democracy.

Diwali: The Festival of Lights and Its Importance

Diwali, often referred to as the "Festival of Lights," is one of the most important Hindu festivals celebrated worldwide. This festival, rich in traditions, holds great spiritual and cultural significance, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and good over evil. Diwali brings together families and communities, fostering unity, joy, and a spirit of giving. Let’s explore what makes Diwali so special, its historical significance, its rituals, and the deep meaning behind this beautiful festival.

Diwali Festival of Lights

The Origins and Significance of Diwali

Diwali has roots in several historical and religious events, celebrated across different parts of India and by people of various faiths. Its significance varies across regions and religions, but the underlying theme of triumph and positivity is universal.

• Return of Lord Rama: One of the most popular stories associated with Diwali is the return of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and brother Lakshmana to Ayodhya after a 14-year exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. To celebrate, the people of Ayodhya lit oil lamps, or "diyas," to illuminate the city.
• Goddess Lakshmi’s Blessing: In many parts of India, Diwali is celebrated as a time to honor Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, prosperity, and good fortune. Homes are cleaned, decorated, and lit up with lamps to invite her blessings.
• The Victory of Lord Krishna: In certain parts of India, Diwali commemorates the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Narakasura, symbolizing the destruction of evil forces.
• Significance in Jainism and Sikhism: For Jains, Diwali marks the nirvana, or spiritual liberation, of Lord Mahavira. Sikhs celebrate Diwali to honor the release of Guru Hargobind Ji from imprisonment, symbolizing freedom and resilience.

Diwali Celebrations and Customs

Diwali is celebrated over five days, each with unique rituals and traditions that carry symbolic meanings.

• Dhanteras: The first day of Diwali is dedicated to wealth and prosperity. People buy precious metals, especially gold and silver, as they are believed to bring good fortune.
• Naraka Chaturdashi (Choti Diwali): On this day, people cleanse their homes and bodies to eliminate negative energies. Oil baths and decorating homes with rangoli (colorful art patterns) are customary.
• Lakshmi Puja (Main Diwali Day): On the main day, families gather to perform a puja (prayer) dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi. Homes are adorned with lights and rangoli, and diyas are lit to welcome prosperity.
• Govardhan Puja: The fourth day is celebrated to honor Lord Krishna’s lifting of the Govardhan Hill to protect his people from storms and rains, symbolizing strength and devotion.
• Bhai Dooj: The fifth and final day celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters pray for their brother’s well-being, and in return, brothers vow to protect them.

Diwali Traditions Around the World

Though rooted in India, Diwali has spread globally. The Indian diaspora celebrates Diwali in unique ways across different cultures.

1. In the United States: Celebrations include lighting candles, and fireworks, and hosting community gatherings. Public schools in areas with a significant Indian population often recognize Diwali as an important cultural day.
2. In the UK: The city of Leicester hosts one of the largest Diwali celebrations outside India, with grand displays of lights and a vibrant parade.
3. In Singapore and Malaysia: Diwali, or Deepavali as it is locally known, is recognized as a public holiday. Temples are illuminated, and locals participate in various cultural events.
4. In Fiji, Mauritius, and the Caribbean: Diwali is celebrated with traditional festivities, and the exchange of sweets and gifts is common among communities.

The Spiritual Essence of Diwali

Diwali is more than a festival of lights; it holds a deeper spiritual significance:

1. Renewal and Purification: Diwali encourages us to renew ourselves, shedding negativity and embracing new beginnings. Cleaning homes, wearing new clothes, and decorating with lights symbolize this renewal.
2. Victory of Good Over Evil: The lighting of diyas represents the inner light, wisdom, and knowledge that dispels ignorance and darkness.
3. Unity and Togetherness: Diwali brings families, friends, and communities together. Exchanging sweets and gifts symbolizes love, kindness, and goodwill.
4. Charity and Giving Back: Many people donate to charities during Diwali, emphasizing the importance of compassion and social responsibility.

How Diwali Influences Modern Lifestyles

Diwali has also adapted to modern times, with eco-friendly and sustainable celebrations gaining popularity. Many families now opt for:

1. Eco-Friendly Diyas and Rangoli: Using clay diyas and organic colors to create rangolis promotes environmental responsibility.
2. Avoiding Fireworks: To reduce pollution, some families prefer quiet, peaceful celebrations without fireworks.
3. Minimalist Decorations: People focus on simple, meaningful decorations that respect tradition while being environmentally friendly instead of elaborate displays.

FAQs about Diwali

Q. Why is Diwali called the Festival of Lights?
ANS: Diwali is called the Festival of Lights because people light oil lamps, candles, and fireworks to celebrate the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.

Q. How long is Diwali celebrated?
ANS: Diwali is a five-day festival, each day dedicated to specific rituals and cultural practices.

Q. What is the importance of diyas in Diwali?
ANS: Diyas represent light and hope, illuminating homes to symbolize wisdom, knowledge, and positivity.

Q. Why do people clean their homes during Diwali?
ANS: Cleaning homes signifies welcoming Goddess Lakshmi, symbolizing wealth and prosperity. It also represents purification and renewal.

Q. Is Diwali only celebrated by Hindus?
ANS: While it is primarily a Hindu festival, Diwali is celebrated by people of various faiths, including Jains, Sikhs, and Buddhists, each with unique traditions.

Conclusion

Diwali, the Festival of Lights, is a time of joy, unity, and spiritual reflection. It is a celebration that transcends cultural boundaries, uniting people across the world in the spirit of positivity, hope, and goodwill. As we light diyas and welcome the blessings of Goddess Lakshmi, we are reminded of the importance of kindness, gratitude, and the victory of good over evil. This Diwali, let’s celebrate responsibly, fostering harmony and spreading light in every corner of our lives.

Justice Sanjeev Khanna appointed as Chief Justice of India

The central government has officially announced the appointment of Justice Sanjeev Khanna as the 51st Chief Justice of India, with his tenure beginning on November 11, 2024. His appointment follows the scheduled retirement of Chief Justice DY Chandrachud, who will step down on November 10.

A notification from the Ministry of Law and Justice confirmed the development, citing that the President, exercising powers under clause (2) of Article 124 of the Constitution, appointed Justice Khanna. Currently serving as a Supreme Court judge, Justice Khanna will now assume the top judicial position in the country.

Union Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal shared the news on social media, stating, "In exercise of the powers conferred by the Constitution of India, the President, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, has appointed Justice Sanjeev Khanna as the Chief Justice of India, effective from November 11, 2024."

The transition marks a pivotal moment for the judiciary, as outgoing Chief Justice Chandrachud personally recommended Justice Khanna as his successor. Being the second-most senior judge in the Supreme Court, Justice Khanna is expected to serve for six months, concluding his term in May 2025.

Born on May 14, 1960, Justice Khanna embarked on his legal career in 1983, registering with the Bar Council of Delhi. He initially practiced in district courts, gradually shifting to the Delhi High Court, where he gained experience across diverse legal fields—ranging from constitutional law, taxation, and arbitration to environmental law, medical negligence, and corporate disputes.

Throughout his career, Justice Khanna has held several key positions. He served as senior standing counsel for the Income Tax Department and represented the National Capital Territory of Delhi as standing counsel. Additionally, he acted as an Additional Public Prosecutor and frequently served as amicus curiae in complex legal matters at the High Court level.

In 2005, he was elevated as an Additional Judge of the Delhi High Court and confirmed as a Permanent Judge the following year. His ascent to the Supreme Court on January 18, 2019, stood out, as he was appointed despite being 33rd in national seniority. The Supreme Court Collegium, led by then-Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi, recommended his elevation, citing his merit and integrity over seniority, a move that drew significant attention at the time.

South Korea’s Han Kang wins 2024 Nobel literature prize

South Korean author Han Kang won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature for “her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life”. The prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy and is worth 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.1 million). “She has a unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead, and in her poetic and experimental style has become an innovator in contemporary prose,” Anders Olsson, chairman of the academy’s Nobel Committee, said in a statement.

Han Kang, the first South Korean to win the literature prize, began her career in 1993 with the publication of a number of poems in the magazine Literature and Society, while her prose debut came in 1995 with the short story collection “Love of Yeosu”. Her major international breakthrough came with the novel “The Vegetarian”.

Centre declares Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali as classical languages

The Union Cabinet officially granted classical language status to Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali, recognizing their historical and cultural significance. This decision marks a significant addition to India’s classical language list, which was first established on October 12, 2004, with the declaration of Tamil as a classical language. The category was created to honor languages with a long and rich history, ancient literature, and cultural heritage.

The status of a classical language is granted based on specific criteria, including the language’s antiquity, with recorded texts dating back over a thousand years, a body of ancient literature considered a valuable heritage by generations, and an original literary tradition not borrowed from other linguistic communities.

The Linguistic Experts Committee (LEC), constituted by the Ministry of Culture under Sahitya Akademi in November 2004, reviewed and revised the criteria, leading to the declaration of Sanskrit as a classical language in 2005. Since then, Telugu (2008), Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014) have also received classical language status.

Proposals from Maharashtra, Bihar, Assam, and West Bengal to recognize Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali were reviewed by the LEC. After extensive consultations, the committee, in a meeting held on July 25, 2024, unanimously recommended these languages for classical status.

The Ministry of Education has undertaken several initiatives to promote classical languages, including establishing three Central Universities in 2020 to promote Sanskrit and the Central Institute of Classical Tamil, which focuses on translating ancient Tamil texts and promoting research. Centers for Excellence for Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia studies were also established under the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysuru.

The recognition of these languages as classical will open new avenues for employment in academics, research, archiving, translation, and digital media. Preservation and digitization of ancient texts will create job opportunities in these fields. The primary states benefiting from this initiative include Maharashtra (Marathi), Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh (Pali and Prakrit), West Bengal (Bengali), and Assam (Assamese). Classical languages serve as vital custodians of India’s ancient cultural heritage, representing the historical milestones of various communities across the nation. This move is expected to bolster cultural pride and enhance academic engagement with these languages, both nationally and internationally.

Source: DD News

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 with one half to David Baker(University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) “for computational protein design” and the other half jointly to Demis Hassabis and John M. Jumper (both are from Google DeepMind, London, UK) “for protein structure prediction”.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about pro­teins, life’s ingenious chemical tools. David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible feat of building entirely new kinds of proteins. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50-year-old problem: predicting proteins’ complex structures. These discoveries hold enormous potential.

Mithun Chakraborty receives Dadasaheb Phalke Award

Actor Mithun Chakraborty, widely regarded as one of the most versatile figures in Indian cinema, will be honored with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2022.

Mithun Chakraborty’s journey from humble beginnings to becoming a celebrated film star has been one of determination and resilience. Born Gourang Chakraborty on June 16, 1950, in Kolkata, West Bengal, he earned national recognition with his very first film, Mrigayaa (1976), for which he won the National Film Award for Best Actor. An alumnus of the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Mithun went on to establish a lasting legacy in Indian cinema.

He rose to prominence with his role in Disco Dancer* (1982), a film that became a major success in India and abroad, and cemented his status as a dance icon. His dynamic performance and unique dance style in the film brought disco music into the mainstream of Indian cinema, and his popularity soared.

In addition to Disco Dancer, his notable work includes a powerful supporting role in Agneepath (1990), for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. Mithun Chakraborty has also garnered two more National Film Awards for his roles in Tahader Katha (1992) and Swami Vivekananda (1998), showcasing his versatility across a range of genres. Mithun Chakraborty’s contributions are not limited to the silver screen. Over the course of a nearly five-decade-long career, he has acted in over 350 films across multiple languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Odia, Bhojpuri, and Telugu. His diverse filmography reflects his ability to portray a wide spectrum of characters, from action heroes to emotional, complex roles.

Mithun Chakraborty has also demonstrated his commitment to public service and social welfare through his tenure as a Member of Parliament. Mithun Chakraborty has been recognized with numerous accolades throughout his illustrious career, including the Padma Bhushan, one of India’s highest civilian honors. His influence on Indian cinema is profound, and his legacy continues to inspire generations of actors, filmmakers, and audiences.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 given to Victor Ambros (Affiliation at the time of the award: UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA) and Gary Ruvkun (Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA)  for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

The information stored within our chromosomes can be likened to an instruction manual for all cells in our body. Every cell contains the same chromosomes, so every cell contains exactly the same set of genes and exactly the same set of instructions. Yet, different cell types, such as muscle and nerve cells, have very distinct characteristics. How do these differences arise? The answer lies in gene regulation, which allows each cell to select only the relevant instructions. This ensures that only the correct set of genes is active in each cell type.

President of India to Confer National Geoscience Awards-2023

The President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu confers the prestigious National Geoscience Awards - 2023 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre, New Delhi in the august presence of Union Minister for Coal & Mines Shri G. Kishan Reddy and Minister of State for Coal & Mines Shri Satish Chandra Dubey.

The National Geoscience Award (NGA) is one of the oldest and most prestigious national awards in geosciences, instituted by the Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India in 1966. Before 2009, these awards were called National Mineral Awards. The objective of these Awards is to honour individuals and teams for extraordinary achievements and outstanding contributions in various fields of geosciences i.e. mineral discovery & exploration, Mining Technology & Mineral Beneficiation, and fundamental/ applied geosciences. Any citizen of India who has made a significant contribution in any field of geosciences is eligible for the award. The Ministry of Mines confers National Geoscience Awards every year in three categories:

• National Geoscience Award for Lifetime Achievement
• National Geoscience Award
• National Young Geoscientist Award

For NGA 2023, 240 nominations were received under different award categories and examined through a three-stage screening process. After detailed deliberations, the Ministry of Mines has finally selected 12 awards which include 09 individual awards and 03 team awards. The 09 individual awards also include the 01 award for the National Geoscience Award for Lifetime Achievement and the 01 award for the National Young Geoscientist Award. These 12 National Geoscience Awards will be presented to 21 Geoscientists by the President of India in the august presence of distinguished geoscientists, scholars, policymakers, and industry leaders.

The National Geoscience Award for Lifetime Achievement will be conferred upon Prof. Dhiraj Mohan Banerjee, Emeritus Scientist, INSA and the National Young Geoscientist Award will be presented to Dr. Ashutosh Pandey, Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram.

Air Chief Marshal AP Singh took over as Chief of the Air Staff (CAS)

Air Chief Marshal AP Singh took over as Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) at a ceremony at Air Headquarters (Vayu Bhawan). The CAS was commissioned on 21 December 1984 in the fighter stream of the IAF. He is an alumnus of the National Defence Academy, Defence Services Staff College and National Defence College. He is a Qualified Flying Instructor and an Experimental Test Pilot with more than 5000 hours of service flying on a variety of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.

His operational tenures include being the Commanding Officer of a MiG-27 Sqn and Air Officer Commanding an air base. As a test pilot, he led the Mig 29 Upgrade Project Management Team at Moscow, Russia. He was also the Project Director (Flight Test) at the National Flight Test Centre looking after the flight testing of Tejas. During his career spanning four decades, the CAS has tenanted staff appointments as Air Defence Commander at HQ South Western Air Command and Senior Air Staff Officer at Eastern Air Command. Before taking over as Chief of the Air Staff, he was the Vice Chief of the Air Staff.

The CAS is a recipient of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) and Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM).In his address to the IAF, Air Chief Marshal AP Singh said that he is honoured and privileged to have been entrusted with the responsibility of leading the Indian Air Force. Extending greetings to all Air Warriors, Non-Combatants (Enrolled), DSC personnel, civilians and their families, CAS expressed absolute faith and confidence in their unstinted support and dedication towards maintaining IAF's operational capability at an all-time high.

ADB projects India’s growth for 2024 - 25

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has projected India’s economic growth at 7% for the financial year 2024 and 7.2% for FY2025, stating that the country’s economy remains strong. ADB’s Country Director for India, Mio Oka, said that India has displayed resilience in the face of global geopolitical challenges and is set for steady expansion. Oka added that improvements in agriculture are expected to boost rural spending, complementing the robust performance of the industry and services sectors.

In its September edition of the Asian Development Outlook (ADO), ADB reported that a favorable monsoon across most regions of India is expected to lead to strong agricultural output, positively impacting the rural economy in FY2024. Additionally, the report holds an optimistic view of the industry and services sectors, private investments, and urban consumption for both FY2024 and FY2025.

The new government policy offering employment-linked incentives to workers and firms is expected to increase labor demand and support job creation beginning in FY2025. The report says “With the government’s fiscal consolidation efforts, central government debt is projected to decrease from 58.2% of GDP in FY2023 to 56.8% in FY2024. The general government deficit, which includes state governments, is expected to fall below 8% of GDP in FY2024.”

However, consumer inflation is expected to rise to 4.7% in FY2024 due to higher food prices, despite an increase in agricultural output. ADB noted that inflation has kept the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from lowering policy interest rates. Should agricultural supply improve and food prices moderate, the central bank may consider easing interest rates in FY2024, which could facilitate credit expansion.

Air Marshal SP Dharkar appointed as the next IAF Vice Chief

Air Marshal SP Dharkar, a distinguished fighter pilot, has been appointed as the next Vice Chief of Air Staff. He will succeed Air Marshal AP Singh, who is set to become the Chief of Air Staff. Dharkar will assume his new role once the Chief takes over.

With more than 3,600 flying hours, Air Marshal Dharkar brings extensive experience to the position. He is an alumnus of the Rashtriya Indian Military College in Dehradun, the National Defence Academy in Pune, the Defence Services Staff College in Wellington, and the Air War College in the United States. Commissioned in June 1985, he has earned credentials as a Qualified Flying Instructor, Fighter Strike Leader, Instrument Rating Instructor and Examiner, and Air Force Examiner.

Throughout his career, Dharkar has commanded a frontline fighter squadron and a Fighter Flying Training Establishment. He has also been involved in Professional Military Education, teaching officers at the Defence Services Staff College and the College of Air Warfare in Secunderabad.

In addition to his operational roles, Dharkar has held key positions such as Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Training) at Air Headquarters and Air Defence Commander at the Eastern Air Command. Notably, he was the first Director General of the Defence Space Agency. For the past two years, he has been heading the Eastern Air Command.

ISRO launches Earth Observation Satellite EOS-08

ISRO’s latest Earth Observation Satellite ‘EOS-08’ launched by the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Shriharikota.The primary objectives of the EOS-08 mission include designing and developing a microsatellite, creating payload instruments compatible with the microsatellite bus, and incorporating new technologies required for future operational satellites.

Image Credit: ISRO

Built on the Microsat/IMS-1 bus, EOS-08 carries three payloads: Electro Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR), Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry payload (GNSS-R), and SiC UV Dosimeter. The EOIR payload is designed to capture images in the Mid-Wave IR (MIR) and Long-Wave IR (LWIR) bands, both during the day and night, for applications such as satellite-based surveillance, disaster monitoring, environmental monitoring, fire detection, volcanic activity observation, and industrial and power plant disaster monitoring. The GNSS-R payload demonstrates the capability of using GNSS-R-based remote sensing for applications such as ocean surface wind analysis, soil moisture assessment, cryosphere studies over the Himalayan region, flood detection, and inland waterbody detection. Meanwhile, the SiC UV Dosimeter monitors UV irradiance at the viewport of the Crew Module in the Gaganyaan Mission and serves as a high-dose alarm sensor for gamma radiation.

The spacecraft mission configuration is set to operate in a Circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 475 km with an inclination of 37.4°, and has a mission life of 1 year. The satellite has a mass of approximately 175.5 kg and generates power of around 420 W. It interfaces with the SSLV-D3 launch vehicle. EOS-08 marks a significant advancement in satellite mainframe systems such as an Integrated Avionics system, known as the Communication, Baseband, Storage, and Positioning (CBSP) Package, which combines multiple functions into a single, efficient unit. This system is designed with cold redundant systems using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and evaluation boards, supporting up to 400 Gb of data storage. Additionally, the satellite includes a structural panel embedded with PCB, an embedded battery, a Micro-DGA (Dual Gimbal Antenna), an M-PAA (Phased Array Antenna), and a flexible solar panel, each serving as key components for onboard technology demonstration.

The satellite employs a miniaturized design in its Antenna Pointing Mechanisms, capable of achieving a rotational speed of 6 degrees per second and maintaining a pointing accuracy of ±1 degree. The miniaturized phased array antenna further enhances communication capabilities, while the flexible solar panel incorporates a foldable solar panel substrate, GFRP tube, and CFRP honeycomb rigid end panel, offering improved power generation and structural integrity. A pyrolytic graphite sheet diffuser plate, known for its high thermal conductivity of 350 W/mK, reduces mass and finds application in various satellite functions. Furthermore, the EOS-08 mission adopts a new method of integrating housekeeping panels using a hinge-based fixture, significantly reducing the duration of the Assembly, Integration, and Testing (AIT) phase.

Incorporating additional novel schemes, the EOS-08 mission improves satellite technology through X-band data transmission, utilizing pulse shaping and Frequency Compensated Modulation (FCM) for X-Band data transmitters. The satellite’s battery management system employs SSTCR-based charging and bus regulation, sequentially including or excluding strings at a frequency of 6 Hz. The mission’s indigenization effort is evident in its solar cell fabrication processes and the use of a Nano-Star Sensor for Microsat Applications. Additionally, the inertial system benefits from reaction wheel isolators that attenuate vibrations and a single antenna interface is utilized for TTC and SPS applications. Thermal management is enhanced using materials such as AFE BGA, Kintex FPGA, Germanium Black Kapton, and STAMET (Si-Al Alloy) Black Kapton to handle the thermal properties of COTS components. The mission also incorporates an auto-launch pad initialization feature, further demonstrating its commitment to innovative mission management.

Nandini Sahakar Yojana

Nandini Sahakar Scheme by the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) is a women-focused framework of financial assistance, project formulation, hand-holding, and capacity development aimed at assisting women cooperatives to take up business model-based activities under the purview of NCDC. There is no minimum or maximum limit on financial assistance to projects by women cooperatives.

Nandini Sahakar Scheme was launched to align itself with the principles of Atmanirbhar Bharat outlined by the Hon’ble Prime Minister. The scheme is a framework of assistance to improve the socio-economic status of women. It supports the entrepreneurial dynamism of women through women's cooperatives. It converges critical inputs of women’s enterprises, business plan formulation, capacity development, credit and subsidy, and interest subvention of other schemes.

NCDC funding is project-based. No proposal has been received from any women's cooperative in Bihar under the Nandini Sahakar Scheme. However, as of 31.03.2024, NCDC has disbursed financial assistance of Rs.6426.36 crore for the development of cooperative societies exclusively promoted by women across the country.

President Droupadi Murmu conferred with Fiji’s highest civilian award

Introduction to the Prestigious Recognition

President Droupadi Murmu, a distinguished leader and the head of state of India, has been conferred with Fiji's highest civilian honor The Order of Fiji. This significant accolade reflects her exceptional contributions and the strong bilateral relations between India and Fiji.

The Significance of Fiji's Highest Civilian Award

Fiji's highest civilian award is a testament to outstanding service and contributions to the nation and the international community. This prestigious honor is bestowed upon individuals who have demonstrated extraordinary dedication, leadership, and positive impact.

Droupadi Murmu: A Leader of Vision and Integrity

President Droupadi Murmu has been a beacon of leadership and integrity. Her tenure as the President of India has been marked by numerous achievements and initiatives that have significantly influenced both national and international spheres. Her commitment to public service, social justice, and economic development has earned her widespread respect and recognition.

Key Achievements of President Murmu

• Promoting Education and Empowerment: Under President Murmu's leadership, numerous educational initiatives have been launched, focusing on empowering marginalized communities and promoting gender equality in education.
• Strengthening Diplomatic Relations: President Murmu has played a pivotal role in enhancing India's diplomatic ties with various countries, including Fiji. Her efforts have paved the way for stronger bilateral cooperation in trade, culture, and technology.
• Advocating for Environmental Sustainability: A staunch advocate for environmental conservation, President Murmu has championed several policies aimed at protecting natural resources and promoting sustainable development. The Ceremony and Its Significance

The Ceremony and Its Significance

The conferral ceremony was a grand event, attended by dignitaries from both India and Fiji. The award symbolizes the deep-rooted friendship and mutual respect between the two nations. It also highlights the shared values and collaborative efforts in addressing global challenges.

Event Highlights

• Venue and Attendance: The ceremony was held at a prestigious venue in Fiji, with notable figures from various sectors in attendance.
• Speech by President Murmu: In her acceptance speech, President Murmu expressed her gratitude and reaffirmed her commitment to strengthening India-Fiji relations.
• Cultural Performances: The event featured cultural performances that showcased the rich heritage of both India and Fiji, symbolizing the cultural bond between the two countries.

Impact on India-Fiji Relations

The recognition of President Murmu with Fiji's highest civilian award is a milestone in India-Fiji relations. It underscores the mutual respect and admiration between the two nations and sets a precedent for future collaborations.

Enhanced Bilateral Cooperation

This honor is expected to catalyze further cooperation in various fields, including:

• Economic Partnerships: Boosting trade and investment opportunities between India and Fiji.
• Cultural Exchanges: Promoting cultural exchange programs to strengthen people-to-people ties.
• Educational Initiatives: Collaborating on educational projects to enhance learning and development.

Conclusion

The conferment of Fiji's highest civilian award to President Droupadi Murmu is a testament to her exemplary leadership and contributions. It also marks a significant chapter in the flourishing relationship between India and Fiji. As both nations continue to build on this foundation, the future holds promising prospects for enhanced cooperation and mutual growth.

India is the 2nd Largest Aluminum Producer in the World

Production of key minerals in the country, such as iron ore and limestone, has continued to show robust growth in Q1 of FY 2024-25, after reaching record production levels in FY 2023-24. Iron ore and limestone account for about 80% of the total MCDR mineral production by value. Production of iron ore was 275 million metric ton (MMT) and limestone at 450 MMT in FY 2023-24. As per provisional data, in the non-ferrous metal sector, primary aluminum production in FY 2024-25 (April-June) posted a growth of 1.2% over the corresponding period last year, increasing to 10.43 lakh tons (LT) in FY 2024-25 (April-June) from 10.28 LT in FY 2023-24 (April-June). India is the 2nd largest Aluminum producer, 3rd largest lime producer and 4th largest iron ore producer in the world. Continued growth in production of iron ore and limestone in the current financial year reflects the robust demand conditions in the user industries viz. steel and cement. Coupled with growth in Aluminums, these growth trends point towards continued strong economic activity in user sectors such as energy, infrastructure, construction, automotive and machinery.

Moon crater named after national luminary Pasang Lhamu Sherpa

Lhamu Pasang Sherpa, the first Nepalese woman to summit Everest, now has a lunar crater named in her honor.

Nepal celebrates the naming of a crater at the Moon’s South Pole in honor of Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, the first Nepali woman to summit Mt. Everest. The US Geological Survey, which maps extraterrestrial planets and the Moon, as well as topographic and hydrological features of Earth, has named a crater on the Moon’s South Pole after Sherpa.

On April 22, 1993, Pasang Lhamu made mountaineering history by becoming the first Nepalese woman to successfully reach the summit of the world’s highest peak. Unfortunately, during the descent, the climbers encountered severe weather conditions. She died near the south summit of Mt. Everest.

The Government of Nepal has honored her memory by declaring Pasang Lhamu a National Luminary. Jasamba Mountain (7,315m) in the Mahalangur Range has been renamed Pasang Lhamu Mountain, and the 117 km-long highway from Trishuli to Dhunche has been designated Pasang Lhamu Highway. Additionally, postage stamps have been issued in her name.

India to host first BIMSTEC Business Summit in New Delhi from August 6-8

India is preparing to host the first-ever BIMSTEC Business Summit in New Delhi from August 6-8, marking a significant step towards fostering greater regional collaboration in the Bay of Bengal region. The Ministry of External Affairs, in partnership with the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), will organize this three-day event.

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar will inaugurate the summit, with Union Minister of Commerce and Industries Piyush Goyal and other leaders scheduled to deliver keynote addresses.

The event is expected to draw a diverse array of participants, including ministers from BIMSTEC member states responsible for trade, commerce, industry, and energy, along with high-ranking government officials, policymakers, entrepreneurs, and industry associations.

Manu Bhaker becomes first Indian woman to win two medals at a single Olympics edition

India’s star shooter Manu Bhaker made history by becoming the first Indian woman in independent India to win multiple medals at a single Olympic Games. She clinched a bronze medal in the 10m pistol mixed team event with Sarabjot Singh, defeating South Korea 16-10 at the Paris Olympics. With this achievement, Manu Bhaker joins P.V. Sindhu as the only Indian women to have won two Olympic medals. Earlier, Manu had opened India’s medal tally at the 2024 Paris Olympics with a bronze in the women’s 10m air pistol event.

Manu Bhaker secured a bronze medal in the Women’s Air Pistol event at the Paris Olympics 2024, becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in shooting. Bhaker’s score of 221.7 points earned her the third place, marking India’s first medal in the ongoing Olympics. This historic win represents a remarkable comeback for the 22-year-old shooter. It was a redemption arc for Manu after her pistol malfunctioned in Tokyo Olympics. The gold medal went to South Korea’s Ye Jin, who set a new Olympic record with 243.2 points. Her compatriot Kim Yeji claimed silver with 241.3 points.

Novak Djokovic wins elusive Olympic gold

Novak Djokovic emerged victorious in the men’s tennis singles at the Paris Olympics 2024, clinching the gold medal. The 37-year-old Serbian defeated Carlos Alcaraz with scores of 7-6 (7-3), 7-6 (7-2) in a gripping final at the Philippe-Chatrier court. This win makes Djokovic the oldest Olympic tennis champion, while Alcaraz, who had the chance of becoming the youngest Olympic tennis winner, fell short. With this historic achievement, Novak has become only the third male player, alongside Rafael Nadal and Andre Agassi, to complete a Career Golden Slam.

Julien Alfred becomes fastest woman in the world

Saint Lucia’s Julien Alfred became the fastest woman on earth after winning the 100-meter race at the ongoing Paris Olympics. Alfred stunned pre-race favorite Sha’Carri Richardson of the United States, who claimed the second spot.

Alfred clocked 10.72 seconds to claim gold in the rain-drenched race at the Stade de France’s running track. Meanwhile, Richardson had to settle for silver after clocking 10.87 seconds. USA’s Melissa Jefferson claimed bronze with a time of 10.92 seconds.

In the final, Richardson’s poor reaction time contributed to her second-place finish. The American had a reaction time of 0.221 seconds, while Alfred had a reaction time of 0.144 seconds. Alfred was too far down the track for Richardson to mount one of her famous comebacks.

PM Modi inaugurates 32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE)and said that India is finding solutions for global food and nutrition security. The triennial conference, organised by the International Association of Agricultural Economists, will be held from August 2 to 7, 2024. The theme for this year’s conference is, “Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems.”

It aims to tackle the pressing need for sustainable agriculture in the face of global challenges such as climate change, natural resource degradation, rising production costs and conflicts. The conference will highlight India’s proactive approach to global agricultural challenges and showcase the nation’s advancements in agricultural research and policy.

The ICAE 2024 will serve as a platform for young researchers and leading professionals to present their work and network with global peers. It aims to strengthen partnerships between research institutes and universities, influence policymaking on both national and global scales, and showcase India’s agricultural progress, including advancements in digital agriculture and sustainable agri-food systems. The conference will witness the participation of around 1,000 delegates from around 75 countries.

IAF’s Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla picked as ‘Prime Astronaut’ for Indo-US Mission to Space Station

Indian Air Force Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla has been selected as the prime astronaut for the upcoming Indo-US mission to the International Space Station (ISS), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced. A joint statement signed between India and the US during the official state visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in June 2023 envisioned a joint ISRO-NASA effort to the ISS.

Towards the goal of mounting a joint ISRO-NASA effort, the Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) of ISRO has entered into a Space Flight Agreement (SFA) with NASA-identified service provider Axiom Space Inc, USA for its upcoming Axiom-4 mission to the ISS, the Indian space agency said. A National Mission Assignment Board has recommended two Gaganyatris as prime and backup Mission Pilot for this mission. These include Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla (Prime) and Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair (Backup).

During the mission, the Gaganyatri will undertake selected scientific research and technology demonstration experiments on board the ISS as well as engage in space outreach activities. The experiences gained during this mission will be beneficial for the Indian Human Space Program and it will also strengthen human space flight cooperation between ISRO and NASA.

GENERAL UPENDRA DWIVEDI TAKES OVER AS THE CHIEF OF THE ARMY STAFF

 

General Upendra Dwivedi, PVSM, AVSM, takes over as the 30th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) from General Manoj Pande, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC, who superannuated after more than four decades of service to the nation on 30 Jun 2024.

General Upendra Dwivedi is an accomplished military leader, with 40 years of service in the Armed Forces. An alumnus of Sainik School, Rewa (MP), he was commissioned into the Regiment of Jammu & Kashmir Rifles in 1984. The General officer has a unique distinction of balanced command as well as staff exposure across Northern, Eastern, and Western theatres, in varied operational environments.

He takes over as the COAS, at a time when the global geo-strategic environment remains dynamic, with the challenges in the security domain becoming more pronounced due to technological advancements and the ever-changing character of modern warfare. Operational preparedness to counter security threats to a rising nation, therefore would figure prominently, as a key focus area for the COAS. Concurrently, a focused response strategy, to myriad non-traditional security challenges, too shall be a priority, towards augmenting the nation’s defence.

General Dwivedi brings with him, a wealth of experience and a proven track record, of effectively planning and executing for the unexpected. He has tenanted critical appointments and played a pivotal role in combating grey zone manifestations in the national security canvas.

The General officer has a deep understanding of modern and emerging technologies in the security domain and possesses a thoughtful approach to harnessing and integrating cutting-edge technologies into military systems to enhance operational effectiveness. This vision finds congruence with the ongoing pursuit of the Indian Army to fulfill its modernization and capability development needs through Atmanirbharta. His impetus would be to augment the infusion of critical technologies by leveraging the nation’s vibrant, capable, and productive technology ecosystem.

DRDO hands over Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket to Indian Navy

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) handed over the Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket (MR-MOCR) to the Indian Navy at a ceremony held in New Delhi on June 26, 2024. Microwave Obscurant Chaff (MOC), a niche technology developed by DRDO’s Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, obscures radar signals and creates a microwave shield around platforms and assets, thus reducing radar detection.

A special type of fibres, with a diameter of few microns and unique microwave obscuration properties, have been assembled in the medium-range chaff rocket. The rocket, when fired, forms microwave obscurant cloud in space spreading over a sufficient area, with adequate persistence time, thus creating an effective shield against hostile threats having Radio Frequency seekers.

The Phase-I trials of MR-MOCR were successfully conducted from Indian Navy ships, demonstrating the MOC cloud blooming and being persistent in space. In Phase-II trials, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction of an aerial target to the extent of 90 per cent has been demonstrated and cleared by the Indian Navy. The number of MR-MOCR, meeting all the qualification requirements, have been successfully handed over to the Indian Navy.

World Hydrography Day 2024

On 21 June every year, the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) celebrates World Hydrography Day to raise awareness about hydrography and how it plays a vital role in improving knowledge of the seas and oceans. The theme for 2024 is "Hydrographic Information - Enhancing Safety, Efficiency, and Sustainability in Marine Activities" in consideration of the ongoing transformation in navigation, such as e-navigation, autonomous shipping, and reduction of emissions leading to a profound evolution of hydrographic services.

The Indian Naval Hydrographic Department (INHD) functions under the Indian Navy as the nodal agency for Hydrographic surveys and nautical charting in India. The department has the mandate to undertake hydrographic surveys and publish navigational charts. Till date, more than 650 electronic and paper navigation charts covering the national and international waters have been published for utilisation of merchant mariner and navies of the world. Last year, the department has distributed over 6.5 Lakh Electronic Navigational charts to seafarers operating in these waters and has earned a revenue close to 8000 Lakh rupees to the exchequer which is estimated to grow further in the future.

The department as NAVAREA VIII coordinator, covering an area of 26 Million sq. km of Indian Ocean, shares information concerning the safety of navigation at sea through the web portal "India WINS - Indian Warning Information and Navigation Services". This module provides near-real-time information and since its launch in Dec 2022, it has crossed over 3.5 million views with an average of over 3500 visitors per day in keeping with the Digital India initiative of the Government.

The National Institute of Hydrography (NIH) at Goa is the centre for imparting training in Hydrography and is accredited by International Hydrographic Organisation for National and International Trainees for the award of Cat A and Cat B certificates. Till date, more than 800 trainees from 41 different countries have been trained at NIH.

In line with the Government of India's SAGAR initiative, the survey ships of the Indian Navy have conducted various joint survey operations with friendly foreign nations covering an area of 89000 sq. km in the last five years and have produced 96 charts. The department has also assisted them by capacity building and knowledge sharing. These efforts are undertaken by indigenously built survey ships mapping the vast Indian Ocean Region.

As a part of World Hydrography Day, a maritime workshop was conducted at the National Hydrographic Office on - Hydrographic Information - Enhancing Safety, Efficiency, and Sustainability in Marine Activities on 20 Jun 24. The workshop was attended by guests and dignitaries from over 25 Indian ports and offices. In addition, this office has been conducting Hydrographic Survey Committee meetings in consultation with the Office of Joint Secretary Ports in New Delhi till last year. This year the Hydrographic Survey Committee meeting is being conducted at this office on 21 Jun 24 commemorating World Hydrography Day.

A new freshwater diatom genus discovered from the Eastern and Western Ghats

Researchers have discovered a new genus of the Gomphonemoid diatom found in the clean water river of the Eastern Ghats. The genus which has an interesting suite of features, distinguishing it from the other members in the group Gomphonemoid in terms of valve symmetry and other certain valve features, has been named Indiconema to value its restricted distribution in the country. The research underlines the importance of diatoms in shaping the biodiversity of India's diverse landscapes.

Diatoms are microscopic algae that play a crucial role in our everyday lives by producing 25 percent of global oxygen, approximately every fourth breath of oxygen we inhale. They serve as a base of the aquatic food chain. Due to their sensitivity towards any water chemistry changes, they are excellent indicators of aquatic health.

Diatoms are the first recorded microorganisms in India, with Ehrenberg's first report dating back to 1845 in his voluminous publication Mikrogeologie. Since then, several studies in India have recorded diatoms from freshwater and marine environments. A rough estimate counts that there are nearly 6,500 diatom taxa, of which 30 percent are endemic (restricted to a particular region) to India, suggesting India's unique biodiversity. Further, diverse biogeographic zones support various species with habitat diversity ranging from freshwater to marine, sea level to high mountains, and alkaline lakes to acidic swamps. Peninsular India includes Eastern and Western Ghats and has distinct physiographic, edaphic, and climatic gradients that cherish a wide array of habitats with unique geographic positions and supporting unique sets of diatoms.

Indiconema discovered by scientists of Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology, differs in having a pore field at both the head and foot pole rather than having only at the foot pole. The evolution of monsoons structured the rainforest biome across the Indian Peninsula and the associated varying wetness, which has a direct role in shaping the diatom flora.

The research published in the journal Phycologia, reports one species of Indiconema from the Eastern Ghats and another from the Western Ghats. A similar pattern of sharing endemic elements between two mountain systems has been observed for other endemic-rich groups, such as reptiles.

Additionally, based on the morphological features of this group, the researchers have suggested that Indiconema is a sister to Afrocymbella, a genus endemic to East Africa. Early studies noted that similarities between Gomphonema species from India and those from East Africa and Madagascar are supported by the current study association. The discovery supported by the erstwhile SERB, now ANRF underscores the importance of ongoing research in unravelling the mysteries of diatom biogeography and their role in shaping the biodiversity of India's diverse landscapes.

Cabinet approves development of Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, Varanasi

The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved the proposal of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) for the development of Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, Varanasi including the Construction of the New Terminal Building, Apron Extension, Runway Extension, Parallel Taxi Track & Allied works.

The estimated financial outgo will be Rs. 2869.65 Crore for enhancing the passenger handling capacity of the airport to 9.9 million passengers per annum (MPPA) from the existing 3.9 MPPA. The New Terminal Building, which encompasses an area of 75,000 sqm is designed for a capacity of 6 MPPA and for handling 5000 Peak Hour Passengers (PHP). It is designed to offer a glimpse of the vast cultural heritage of the city.

The proposal includes extending the runway to dimensions 4075m x 45m and constructing a new Apron to park 20 aircraft. Varanasi airport will be developed as a green airport with the primary objective of ensuring environmental sustainability through energy optimization, waste recycling, carbon footprint reduction, solar energy utilization, and incorporation of natural daylighting, alongside other sustainable measures throughout the planning, development, and operational stages.

The Excitement Builds: A Look Ahead to the Forthcoming Paris Olympic Games

Introduction

The Olympic Games are more than just a global sporting event; they're a celebration of human spirit, dedication, and international unity. Every four years, athletes from around the world come together to compete at the highest level, showcasing their skills and inspiring millions. The upcoming Paris Olympic Games promise to be a spectacular event, steeped in history and brimming with new possibilities.

Paris 2024: A Brief Overview

Paris is set to host the Olympic Games from July 26 to August 11, 2024. This will be the third time Paris has welcomed the Olympics, having previously hosted in 1900 and 1924. The city of lights will transform into a hub of athletic excellence, with events taking place at iconic locations such as the Stade de France, Roland Garros, and the Eiffel Tower itself.

The Vision for Paris 2024

The organizers of Paris 2024 have laid out a bold vision focused on sustainability, innovation, and inclusivity. They aim to create an event that not only dazzles in the moment but also leaves a lasting positive impact on the city and the world.

Sustainability and Innovation

Paris 2024 is committed to being the most sustainable Olympics yet. From eco-friendly construction practices to the use of renewable energy, the games will set new standards for environmental responsibility.

Inclusivity and Diversity

Inclusivity is at the heart of Paris 2024's mission. The games will feature more events for female athletes and are making strides to ensure that the Olympic and Paralympic Games are equally celebrated.

Major Sports and Events to Watch

Athletics

Track and field events are always a highlight of the Olympics, and Paris 2024 will be no exception. Look out for thrilling races, high jumps, and record-breaking performances.

Swimming

The aquatic events will take place in a state-of-the-art facility, with swimmers competing in a range of disciplines, from sprints to long-distance events.

Gymnastics

Gymnastics always captivates with its blend of strength, agility, and grace. The competition will be fierce, with athletes aiming for perfection in their routines.

New and Returning Sports

Paris 2024 will see the return of sports like baseball and softball, as well as the introduction of exciting new events such as breakdancing, which promises to bring a fresh and dynamic element to the games.

Notable Athletes to Watch

Notable Athletes to Watch

Keep an eye on seasoned Olympians who have previously wowed audiences and are returning for another shot at glory.

Rising Talents

New talents are always emerging, and Paris 2024 will be a platform for young athletes to make their mark on the world stage.

Preparations and Challenges

Infrastructure Developments

The city of Paris is undergoing significant infrastructure improvements to accommodate the influx of visitors and ensure smooth operations during the games.

Security Measures

Ensuring the safety of athletes, spectators, and residents is a top priority. Paris 2024 will implement robust security measures to protect everyone involved.

Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic

The lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic present unique challenges, but organizers are determined to host a safe and successful event with appropriate health protocols in place.

Cultural Impact of the Paris Olympics

French Culture and Heritage

The Paris Olympics will be a showcase of French culture, from its rich history to its contemporary arts and cuisine.

International Influence

The games will also be a melting pot of global cultures, bringing together people from all corners of the earth in a celebration of diversity and unity.

Economic Impact of the Games

Tourism Boost

The influx of visitors for the Olympics will provide a significant boost to the local tourism industry, benefiting hotels, restaurants, and attractions.

Job Creation

The preparations for and execution of the games will create numerous job opportunities, contributing to the local economy.

Long-term Economic Benefits

The improvements in infrastructure and international exposure will have lasting economic benefits for Paris, making it an even more attractive destination in the future.

Technological Innovations

Use of AI and Digital Technologies

Paris 2024 will leverage the latest in AI and digital technologies to enhance the efficiency of the games and the experience for spectators.

Enhancing the Spectator Experience

From advanced ticketing systems to immersive viewing experiences, technology will play a key role in making Paris 2024 unforgettable.

Environmental Initiatives

Green Building Standards

The construction of Olympic venues is being carried out with strict adherence to green building standards, ensuring minimal environmental impact.

Waste Reduction Programs

Comprehensive waste reduction and recycling programs will be in place to manage the environmental footprint of the games.

Inclusivity and Accessibility

Paralympic Games

The Paralympic Games will be given equal prominence, with facilities and events designed to highlight the incredible talents of differently-abled athletes.

Facilities for Disabled Spectators

Efforts are being made to ensure that all venues are accessible to disabled spectators, promoting an inclusive environment for everyone.

Fan Experience

Ticketing and Attendance

The ticketing system for Paris 2024 aims to be user-friendly and accessible, allowing fans from around the world to easily secure their spots.

Virtual and Augmented Reality

For those who can't attend in person, virtual and augmented reality technologies will provide immersive experiences, bringing the excitement of the games to their homes.

Media Coverage

Broadcasting Partners

Leading broadcasters from around the world will provide extensive coverage of the games, ensuring that fans don't miss a moment.

Social Media Presence

Paris 2024 will have a strong social media presence, engaging fans with real-time updates, behind-the-scenes content, and interactive features.

Legacy of the Paris Olympics

Long-term Benefits for Paris and France

The legacy of the Paris Olympics will extend far beyond the closing ceremony, with lasting benefits for the city and country in terms of infrastructure, international reputation, and community engagement.

Inspiring Future Generations

The stories and achievements from Paris 2024 will inspire future generations of athletes, fostering a love for sports and the Olympic spirit.

Conclusion

The Paris 2024 Olympic Games are set to be a remarkable event that combines tradition with innovation, celebrating the best of humanity. From world-class athletic performances to groundbreaking sustainability initiatives, Paris 2024 promises to leave an indelible mark on the world.

FAQs

Q. When are the Paris 2024 Olympic Games?
ANS. The games will take place from July 26 to August 11, 2024.

Q. What new sports will be included in Paris 2024?
ANS. Breakdancing is among the new sports added to the Paris 2024 Olympics.

Q. How is Paris 2024 promoting sustainability?
ANS. The games will feature eco-friendly construction, renewable energy use, and comprehensive waste reduction programs.

Q. What measures are being taken for security at the games?
ANS. Robust security measures will be implemented to ensure the safety of all participants and spectators.

Q. How can fans experience the games if they can't attend in person?
ANS. Virtual and augmented reality technologies will offer immersive viewing experiences for fans around the world.

World Hydrogen Summit 2024

Introduction

The World Hydrogen Summit 2024 is set to be a landmark event in the global energy calendar, bringing together leaders, innovators, and policymakers from around the world. As hydrogen emerges as a pivotal element in the quest for sustainable energy solutions, this summit promises to offer critical insights and drive forward the hydrogen agenda.

The Evolution of the World Hydrogen Summit

History and Background

The World Hydrogen Summit has been a key platform for the hydrogen community since its inception. Initially a modest gathering, it has grown exponentially, reflecting the increasing recognition of hydrogen's potential in the energy sector. Each year, the summit has introduced groundbreaking discussions and showcased innovative technologies that push the boundaries of what's possible.

Key Milestones in Previous Summits

From the first summit's modest beginnings to recent years' expansive gatherings, the World Hydrogen Summit has achieved several significant milestones. These include launching major international hydrogen initiatives, unveiling new technologies, and forming key industry partnerships that have propelled the hydrogen economy forward.

World Hydrogen Summit 2024: Key Details

Dates and Location

The World Hydrogen Summit 2024 was held from May 13 - 15 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, a city known for its innovative approach to energy and sustainability. This strategic location offers an ideal backdrop for discussions on advancing the hydrogen economy.

Theme and Objectives

The theme for this year’s summit is “Hydrogen for a Sustainable Future,” emphasizing the role of hydrogen in achieving global sustainability goals. The primary objectives are to facilitate knowledge exchange, foster international collaboration, and accelerate the commercialization of hydrogen technologies.

Major Stakeholders and Participants

Governments and Policy Makers

Governments play a crucial role in shaping the hydrogen landscape through policies and funding. The summit will feature representatives from various national governments who will share their strategies and frameworks supporting hydrogen development.

Industry Leaders and Corporations

Leading corporations in the energy, automotive, and industrial sectors will showcase their advancements and discuss their roles in the hydrogen economy. These industry leaders are pivotal in driving technological innovation and large-scale hydrogen adoption.

Research Institutions and Academia

Academic and research institutions will present their latest findings and innovations in hydrogen technology. These sessions are essential for understanding the scientific advancements that underpin the hydrogen economy.

Agenda and Program Highlights

Keynote Speakers

The summit will feature keynote addresses from prominent figures in the hydrogen industry, including CEOs of major energy companies, government officials, and leading researchers. These speeches will set the tone for the summit, highlighting the latest trends and future directions in hydrogen technology.

Panel Discussions

Panel discussions will cover a wide range of topics, from policy frameworks and regulatory challenges to technological innovations and market trends. These sessions are designed to provide a comprehensive view of the current state and future prospects of the hydrogen industry.

Workshops and Interactive Sessions

Interactive workshops will offer hands-on learning experiences, allowing participants to delve deeper into specific areas of interest. These sessions will cover topics such as hydrogen production techniques, safety protocols, and business models for hydrogen deployment.

Technological Innovations in Hydrogen

Advances in Hydrogen Production

Innovations in hydrogen production are central to making hydrogen a viable energy source. Recent advancements include electrolysis technologies that produce hydrogen from water using renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions significantly.

Storage Solutions

Effective storage solutions are crucial for the hydrogen economy. The summit will highlight the latest in hydrogen storage technologies, such as advanced tank materials and novel methods for storing hydrogen at lower costs and higher efficiencies.

Transportation Technologies

Hydrogen’s role in transportation is expanding, with new developments in fuel cell technology and hydrogen-powered vehicles. These innovations promise to revolutionize the transportation sector, offering cleaner alternatives to traditional fossil fuels.

Hydrogen and Sustainable Development

Hydrogen's Role in Achieving Net-Zero Emissions

Hydrogen is seen as a key component in achieving net-zero emissions due to its potential to replace fossil fuels in various sectors. The summit will explore how hydrogen can contribute to decarbonizing industries, from manufacturing to transportation.

Integration with Renewable Energy Sources

Integrating hydrogen production with renewable energy sources like wind and solar can create a truly sustainable energy system. This integration is critical for the large-scale adoption of hydrogen, ensuring that its production does not contribute to carbon emissions.

Case Studies of Successful Hydrogen Projects

Real-world examples of successful hydrogen projects will be presented, providing valuable insights into practical applications and lessons learned. These case studies will showcase the feasibility and benefits of hydrogen in different contexts.

Investment and Funding Opportunities

Government Grants and Subsidies

Government support through grants and subsidies is vital for the hydrogen industry’s growth. The summit will detail various national and international funding opportunities available to businesses and researchers working in the hydrogen space.

Private Sector Investments

Private sector investments are equally important in driving the hydrogen economy. Venture capitalists, corporate investors, and financial institutions will discuss the investment landscape and opportunities within the hydrogen market.

International Collaborations

Collaborative efforts between countries and organizations can accelerate hydrogen development. The summit will highlight successful international partnerships and explore new avenues for collaboration.

Policy and Regulatory Framework

Existing Policies Supporting Hydrogen Adoption

A review of existing policies that support hydrogen adoption will be conducted, showcasing how different regions are promoting hydrogen through regulatory measures. These policies are essential for creating a conducive environment for hydrogen technologies.

Future Policy Directions

Looking ahead, future policy directions will be discussed, focusing on what is needed to support the growth of the hydrogen industry. This includes potential new regulations, incentives, and international agreements.

Regulatory Challenges and Solutions

Addressing regulatory challenges is critical for the hydrogen industry’s progress. The summit will explore these challenges and propose solutions to overcome them, ensuring that hydrogen can be safely and efficiently integrated into the energy system.

Challenges Facing the Hydrogen Industry

Technical and Economic Barriers

Despite its potential, hydrogen faces several technical and economic barriers. These include high production costs, technical challenges in storage and transport, and the need for significant infrastructure development.

Market Adoption Issues

Market adoption is another hurdle, with the need to build consumer confidence and establish robust supply chains. Strategies for overcoming these adoption issues will be a key focus of the summit.

Infrastructure Development

Developing the necessary infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage, and distribution is a major challenge. The summit will discuss ongoing and planned infrastructure projects and the investments needed to bring them to fruition.

Global Perspectives on Hydrogen

Insights from Different Regions

Different regions have varied approaches to hydrogen adoption. The summit will provide insights from Europe, Asia, and North America, highlighting the unique strategies and progress in each region.

International Cooperation and Partnerships

International cooperation is crucial for the hydrogen economy’s global success. The summit will emphasize the importance of partnerships and collaborative projects that transcend national borders.

Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Strategies

A comparative analysis of hydrogen strategies from different countries will be conducted, offering a broader perspective on the most effective approaches and practices.

The Future of Hydrogen Economy

Predictions and Trends

Experts will share their predictions and identify trends that will shape the future of the hydrogen economy. This includes technological advancements, market developments, and policy changes.

Potential Impact on Global Energy Markets

Hydrogen has the potential to significantly impact global energy markets, offering a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. The summit will explore this potential impact and what it means for the future of energy.

Vision for 2050

Looking towards 2050, a vision for a hydrogen-powered world will be presented, outlining the steps needed to achieve this vision and the role hydrogen will play in our future energy system.

FAQ

Q. What is the main focus of the World Hydrogen Summit 2024?
ANS: The main focus is on advancing hydrogen as a sustainable energy source, with discussions on technology, policy, investment, and collaboration.

Q. Who should attend the World Hydrogen Summit 2024?
ANS: The summit is ideal for industry professionals, policymakers, researchers, investors, and anyone interested in the future of hydrogen technology.

Q. What role does hydrogen play in achieving net-zero emissions?
ANS: Hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in various sectors, significantly reducing carbon emissions and contributing to global sustainability goals.