Programmes under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

The Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying is implementing a flagship scheme namely Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) with an investment of ₹20050 crore in all the States and Union Territories (UTs) for a period of 5 years with effect from the financial year 2020-21 to FY 2024-25 for holistic development of the fisheries sector in the country. Under this scheme, during the last three financial years (FY 2020-21 to 2022-23), and current financial year (2023-24), fisheries developmental projects of various State Governments, Union Territories and other implementing agencies amounting to of Rs. 17118.62 crore have been approved for overall development of fisheries and aquaculture sector in the country.

The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) is designed and implemented to address critical gaps in fish production and productivity, quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management and modernization and strengthening of value chain, traceability, and quality improvement. To modernize and strengthen the fisheries value chain, PMMSY supports the creation of post-harvest infrastructure such as fishing harbors/fish landing centers, cold storages and ice plants, fish transportation vehicles including refrigerated and insulated vehicles, ice flaking and ice crushing units, ice/fish holding boxes, etc. with motorcycles, bicycles and auto rickshaws, value addition enterprise units as well as modern hygienic markets such as wholesale fish markets including supermarkets, retail fish markets and outlets, mobile fish and live fish markets. So far, under PMMSY investments worth Rs. 4005.96 crore have been approved for the above-listed activities during the last three financial years (FY 2020-21 to 2022-23), and current financial year (2023-24).

PMMSY provides for establishment of a robust fisheries management framework and provides need-based support to States/UTs for formulation and implementation of fisheries management plans. Besides, the PMMSY promotes aquaculture, mariculture and post-harvest management and also various economic activities in fisheries, aiming towards enhancement of income and improve the socio-economic condition of fishers and other stakeholders associated with fisheries sector. Under PMMSY financial assistance for livelihood and nutritional support are being provided to 6.0 lakh annually for traditional and socio-economically backward, eligible active marine and inland fishermen families during the fishing ban period, vis-à-vis PMMSY supports insurance coverage to 33.20 lakh fishers and also supports interest subvention scheme for fishing vessels. Additionally under PMMSY 20823.40 hectares of pond area for inland aquaculture, 3942 Biofloc units, 11927 Nos. of Re-circulatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS), 44,408 reservoir cages and 543.7 hectares pens in reservoirs, 1,11,110 units of seaweed rafts and monoline units, 1489 bivalve cultivation units, 562 cold storages, 6542 fish kiosks, 108 value added enterprise units and 25,193 post harvest transportation units have been approved for promotion of aquaculture, mariculture and post-harvest management activities.

Quantum Technology: Future of Industry and Jobs

In recent years, quantum technology has emerged as a fascinating field with the potential to revolutionize various industries. This cutting-edge technology harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information and perform computations at an unprecedented scale. With its immense computing power and advanced capabilities, quantum technology holds the key to solving complex problems that are currently beyond the reach of classical computers. In this article, we will explore the exciting potential of quantum technology and its implications for the future of industry and jobs.

Understanding Quantum Technology

Quantum technology is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics that explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels. Unlike classical computers that rely on binary digits or bits (0s and 1s), quantum technology leverages quantum bits or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously thanks to a phenomenon called superposition.

Quantum Computing: Unleashing Unprecedented Power

Quantum computing is one of the most promising applications of quantum technology. By harnessing the power of qubits, quantum computers can solve complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. This has significant implications for various industries, such as drug discovery, optimization, and financial modeling, where large-scale computations are required.

Quantum Cryptography: Enhancing Data Security

Data security is a paramount concern in today's interconnected world. Quantum cryptography provides a solution by leveraging the unique properties of quantum mechanics to secure communication channels. Quantum encryption algorithms offer unparalleled protection against eavesdropping and hacking attempts, ensuring the confidentiality of sensitive information.

Quantum Sensing: Unlocking New Frontiers

Quantum sensing involves using quantum technology to measure and detect physical quantities with unparalleled precision. This has applications in fields such as navigation, imaging, and environmental monitoring. Quantum sensors can provide accurate and real-time data, enabling advancements in areas like self-driving cars, medical diagnostics, and earthquake detection.

Quantum Simulation: Advancing Scientific Discovery

Simulating complex quantum systems is an arduous task for classical computers. Quantum simulation, powered by quantum technology, allows scientists to simulate and understand the behavior of quantum systems more effectively. This has the potential to revolutionize materials science, drug design, and fundamental physics research.

Quantum Communication: Enabling Secure Information Transfer

In an era where information is transmitted globally, secure communication is of utmost importance. Quantum communication, facilitated by quantum technology, provides a way to transmit information securely through quantum key distribution. This technology ensures that any interception or tampering attempts are immediately detectable, safeguarding sensitive data during transmission.

Quantum Technology and Industry: Transforming Key Sectors

Quantum technology has the potential to revolutionize several key industries. In the healthcare sector, quantum computing can accelerate drug discovery, enable personalized medicine, and optimize healthcare logistics. In finance, quantum algorithms can enhance portfolio optimization, risk analysis, and fraud detection. Additionally, quantum sensing can revolutionize navigation, enabling precise location tracking for autonomous vehicles and drones.

Quantum Technology and Jobs: Creating New Opportunities

As quantum technology continues to advance, it will create new job opportunities across various sectors. Quantum scientists, engineers, and researchers will be in high demand to develop and optimize quantum hardware and software. Additionally, industries will require professionals skilled in harnessing quantum technology to address complex challenges and drive innovation.

Challenges and Limitations of Quantum Technology

Despite its immense potential, quantum technology faces several challenges and limitations. One major obstacle is the delicate nature of qubits, which are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances. Maintaining qubit stability and reducing errors is crucial for practical quantum computing. Additionally, scaling up quantum systems to handle large-scale problems remains a significant technical challenge.

Ethical Considerations and Future Developments

As with any emerging technology, quantum technology raises ethical considerations. Quantum computers, if developed at scale, could potentially break current encryption methods, posing risks to data security. It is essential to address these concerns proactively and develop robust security measures. Looking ahead, researchers are exploring hybrid approaches that combine classical and quantum computing to overcome current limitations.

Conclusion

Quantum technology is poised to revolutionize the future of industry and jobs. Its applications span across various sectors, offering unprecedented computing power, enhanced data security, precise sensing capabilities, and secure communication channels. As this field continues to advance, it is crucial to address technical challenges, ethical concerns, and develop a skilled workforce to unlock the full potential of quantum technology.

FAQs

Q. How does quantum technology differ from classical technology?
A: Quantum technology relies on the principles of quantum mechanics, enabling the processing of information and computations at a scale beyond the capabilities of classical technology. It harnesses the unique properties of quantum systems, such as superposition and entanglement, to achieve remarkable advancements.

Q. What industries can benefit from quantum technology?
A: Quantum technology has applications across various industries, including healthcare, finance, transportation, telecommunications, and materials science. It can revolutionize drug discovery, optimize financial modeling, enhance navigation systems, and secure communication channels, among many other possibilities.

Q. Will quantum technology replace classical computers?
A: Quantum technology is not expected to replace classical computers entirely. Instead, it complements classical computing by tackling complex problems that are currently infeasible for classical computers. Quantum computers excel in solving certain types of problems, while classical computers remain efficient for everyday computing tasks.

Q. Are there any limitations to quantum technology?
A: Yes, quantum technology faces challenges such as qubit stability, environmental disturbances, and scalability. Maintaining the delicate nature of qubits and reducing errors is crucial for practical quantum computing. Scaling up quantum systems to handle large-scale problems is an ongoing technical challenge.

Q. How can individuals prepare for the future of quantum technology?
A: To prepare for the future of quantum technology, individuals can consider pursuing careers in quantum science, engineering, and research. Developing expertise in quantum algorithms, quantum software development, and quantum hardware optimization will be in high demand as the field continues to evolve.

Ensuring Human Security in Today's World: A Comprehensive Overview

In an increasingly digital and interconnected world, the concept of security has extended far beyond traditional notions of physical safety. Human security encompasses a broad spectrum of concerns, from personal safety to economic stability and individual rights. At its core, it aims to safeguard the well-being and dignity of individuals, emphasizing the protection of human lives from various threats.

Understanding Human Security

The term 'human security' emerged to address the evolving landscape of challenges that affect individuals worldwide. It delves beyond national security frameworks, focusing on the protection of individuals rather than just states. This holistic approach considers threats such as poverty, hunger, disease, and environmental degradation alongside traditional security concerns like conflict and violence.

Dimensions of Human Security

Human security encompasses multiple dimensions, each essential in safeguarding individuals:

• Economic Security: Ensuring access to basic resources, employment, and financial stability.
• Food Security: Addressing issues related to hunger, malnutrition, and access to sufficient and nutritious food.
• Health Security: Providing healthcare services and disease prevention measures.
• Environmental Security: Mitigating the impact of environmental degradation and climate change on communities.
• Personal Security: Protecting individuals from physical violence, crime, and human rights abuses.
• Community Security: Promoting social cohesion and stability within communities.

Challenges to Human Security

Numerous global challenges threaten the realization of comprehensive human security:

Economic Disparities

Persistent economic disparities create barriers to achieving human security. Poverty, lack of access to education, and unemployment can lead to a multitude of insecurities, impacting various aspects of an individual's life.

Climate Change and Environmental Degradation

Rapid climate change and environmental degradation pose severe threats to human security. From natural disasters to resource scarcity, these issues directly impact the well-being of individuals and communities.

Health Emergencies

Health crises, such as pandemics or widespread diseases, significantly challenge human security. They disrupt lives, healthcare systems, and economic stability, underscoring the interconnected nature of security concerns.

Protecting Human Security

Addressing these challenges and ensuring human security demands a collective, multi-faceted approach:

Policy and Governance

Effective policies and governance play a pivotal role in safeguarding human security. It involves initiatives that address economic inequalities, strengthen healthcare systems, and mitigate environmental risks.

International Cooperation

Collaboration among nations and international organizations is vital in addressing global challenges that affect human security. Joint efforts in disaster relief, healthcare provisions, and conflict resolution contribute to a more secure world.

Empowering Communities

Empowering communities to address their own security concerns is fundamental. Local initiatives, support for education, and promoting inclusivity and diversity within societies play a significant role in enhancing human security.

Conclusion

Human security stands as a multifaceted concept, addressing diverse threats that affect individuals globally. Embracing a holistic approach that accounts for economic, environmental, and personal dimensions is crucial in ensuring the safety and well-being of people.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2023

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize 2023 to Narges Mohammadi for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all.

This year's peace prize also recognises the hundreds of thousands of people who, in the preceding year, have demonstrated against Iran's theocratic regime's policies of discrimination and oppression targeting women. The motto adopted by the demonstrators - "Woman - Life - Freedom" - suitably expresses the dedication and work of Narges Mohammadi.

Narges Mohammadi is a woman, a human rights advocate, and a freedom fighter. Her brave struggle for freedom of expression and the right of independence has come with tremendous personal costs. Altogether, the regime in Iran has arrested her 13 times, convicted her five times, and sentenced her to a total of 31 years in prison and 154 lashes. Narges Mohammadi is still in prison.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2023

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2023 is awarded to the Norwegian author Jon Fosse, “for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable.”

His immense oeuvre written in Norwegian Nynorsk and spanning a variety of genres consists of a wealth of plays, novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books, and translations. While he is today one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world, he has also become increasingly recognised for his prose.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots".

Physicists had long known that in theory, size-dependent quantum effects could arise in nanoparticles, but at that time it was almost impossible to sculpt in nano dimensions. Therefore, few people believed that this knowledge would be put to practical use.

However, in the early 1980s, Alexei Ekimov succeeded in creating size-dependent quantum effects in coloured glass. The colour came from nanoparticles of copper chloride and Ekimov demonstrated that the particle size affected the colour of the glass via quantum effects.

A few years later, Louis Brus was the first scientist in the world to prove size-dependent quantum effects in particles floating freely in a fluid.

In 1993, Moungi Bawendi revolutionised the chemical production of quantum dots, resulting in almost perfect particles. This high quality was necessary for them to be utilised in applications.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 was awarded jointly to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter".

The three Nobel Prize laureates in Physics 2023 are being recognized for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules. They have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy.

Pierre Agostini (Affiliation at the time of the award: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA): Prize motivation: “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”

Ferenc Krausz (Affiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany): “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”

Anne L’Huillier (Affiliation at the time of the award: Lund University, Lund, Sweden): “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”