DRDO hands over Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket to Indian Navy

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) handed over the Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket (MR-MOCR) to the Indian Navy at a ceremony held in New Delhi on June 26, 2024. Microwave Obscurant Chaff (MOC), a niche technology developed by DRDO’s Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, obscures radar signals and creates a microwave shield around platforms and assets, thus reducing radar detection.

A special type of fibres, with a diameter of few microns and unique microwave obscuration properties, have been assembled in the medium-range chaff rocket. The rocket, when fired, forms microwave obscurant cloud in space spreading over a sufficient area, with adequate persistence time, thus creating an effective shield against hostile threats having Radio Frequency seekers.

The Phase-I trials of MR-MOCR were successfully conducted from Indian Navy ships, demonstrating the MOC cloud blooming and being persistent in space. In Phase-II trials, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction of an aerial target to the extent of 90 per cent has been demonstrated and cleared by the Indian Navy. The number of MR-MOCR, meeting all the qualification requirements, have been successfully handed over to the Indian Navy.

World Hydrography Day 2024

On 21 June every year, the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) celebrates World Hydrography Day to raise awareness about hydrography and how it plays a vital role in improving knowledge of the seas and oceans. The theme for 2024 is "Hydrographic Information - Enhancing Safety, Efficiency, and Sustainability in Marine Activities" in consideration of the ongoing transformation in navigation, such as e-navigation, autonomous shipping, and reduction of emissions leading to a profound evolution of hydrographic services.

The Indian Naval Hydrographic Department (INHD) functions under the Indian Navy as the nodal agency for Hydrographic surveys and nautical charting in India. The department has the mandate to undertake hydrographic surveys and publish navigational charts. Till date, more than 650 electronic and paper navigation charts covering the national and international waters have been published for utilisation of merchant mariner and navies of the world. Last year, the department has distributed over 6.5 Lakh Electronic Navigational charts to seafarers operating in these waters and has earned a revenue close to 8000 Lakh rupees to the exchequer which is estimated to grow further in the future.

The department as NAVAREA VIII coordinator, covering an area of 26 Million sq. km of Indian Ocean, shares information concerning the safety of navigation at sea through the web portal "India WINS - Indian Warning Information and Navigation Services". This module provides near-real-time information and since its launch in Dec 2022, it has crossed over 3.5 million views with an average of over 3500 visitors per day in keeping with the Digital India initiative of the Government.

The National Institute of Hydrography (NIH) at Goa is the centre for imparting training in Hydrography and is accredited by International Hydrographic Organisation for National and International Trainees for the award of Cat A and Cat B certificates. Till date, more than 800 trainees from 41 different countries have been trained at NIH.

In line with the Government of India's SAGAR initiative, the survey ships of the Indian Navy have conducted various joint survey operations with friendly foreign nations covering an area of 89000 sq. km in the last five years and have produced 96 charts. The department has also assisted them by capacity building and knowledge sharing. These efforts are undertaken by indigenously built survey ships mapping the vast Indian Ocean Region.

As a part of World Hydrography Day, a maritime workshop was conducted at the National Hydrographic Office on - Hydrographic Information - Enhancing Safety, Efficiency, and Sustainability in Marine Activities on 20 Jun 24. The workshop was attended by guests and dignitaries from over 25 Indian ports and offices. In addition, this office has been conducting Hydrographic Survey Committee meetings in consultation with the Office of Joint Secretary Ports in New Delhi till last year. This year the Hydrographic Survey Committee meeting is being conducted at this office on 21 Jun 24 commemorating World Hydrography Day.

A new freshwater diatom genus discovered from the Eastern and Western Ghats

Researchers have discovered a new genus of the Gomphonemoid diatom found in the clean water river of the Eastern Ghats. The genus which has an interesting suite of features, distinguishing it from the other members in the group Gomphonemoid in terms of valve symmetry and other certain valve features, has been named Indiconema to value its restricted distribution in the country. The research underlines the importance of diatoms in shaping the biodiversity of India's diverse landscapes.

Diatoms are microscopic algae that play a crucial role in our everyday lives by producing 25 percent of global oxygen, approximately every fourth breath of oxygen we inhale. They serve as a base of the aquatic food chain. Due to their sensitivity towards any water chemistry changes, they are excellent indicators of aquatic health.

Diatoms are the first recorded microorganisms in India, with Ehrenberg's first report dating back to 1845 in his voluminous publication Mikrogeologie. Since then, several studies in India have recorded diatoms from freshwater and marine environments. A rough estimate counts that there are nearly 6,500 diatom taxa, of which 30 percent are endemic (restricted to a particular region) to India, suggesting India's unique biodiversity. Further, diverse biogeographic zones support various species with habitat diversity ranging from freshwater to marine, sea level to high mountains, and alkaline lakes to acidic swamps. Peninsular India includes Eastern and Western Ghats and has distinct physiographic, edaphic, and climatic gradients that cherish a wide array of habitats with unique geographic positions and supporting unique sets of diatoms.

Indiconema discovered by scientists of Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology, differs in having a pore field at both the head and foot pole rather than having only at the foot pole. The evolution of monsoons structured the rainforest biome across the Indian Peninsula and the associated varying wetness, which has a direct role in shaping the diatom flora.

The research published in the journal Phycologia, reports one species of Indiconema from the Eastern Ghats and another from the Western Ghats. A similar pattern of sharing endemic elements between two mountain systems has been observed for other endemic-rich groups, such as reptiles.

Additionally, based on the morphological features of this group, the researchers have suggested that Indiconema is a sister to Afrocymbella, a genus endemic to East Africa. Early studies noted that similarities between Gomphonema species from India and those from East Africa and Madagascar are supported by the current study association. The discovery supported by the erstwhile SERB, now ANRF underscores the importance of ongoing research in unravelling the mysteries of diatom biogeography and their role in shaping the biodiversity of India's diverse landscapes.

Cabinet approves development of Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, Varanasi

The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved the proposal of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) for the development of Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, Varanasi including the Construction of the New Terminal Building, Apron Extension, Runway Extension, Parallel Taxi Track & Allied works.

The estimated financial outgo will be Rs. 2869.65 Crore for enhancing the passenger handling capacity of the airport to 9.9 million passengers per annum (MPPA) from the existing 3.9 MPPA. The New Terminal Building, which encompasses an area of 75,000 sqm is designed for a capacity of 6 MPPA and for handling 5000 Peak Hour Passengers (PHP). It is designed to offer a glimpse of the vast cultural heritage of the city.

The proposal includes extending the runway to dimensions 4075m x 45m and constructing a new Apron to park 20 aircraft. Varanasi airport will be developed as a green airport with the primary objective of ensuring environmental sustainability through energy optimization, waste recycling, carbon footprint reduction, solar energy utilization, and incorporation of natural daylighting, alongside other sustainable measures throughout the planning, development, and operational stages.

The Excitement Builds: A Look Ahead to the Forthcoming Paris Olympic Games

Introduction

The Olympic Games are more than just a global sporting event; they're a celebration of human spirit, dedication, and international unity. Every four years, athletes from around the world come together to compete at the highest level, showcasing their skills and inspiring millions. The upcoming Paris Olympic Games promise to be a spectacular event, steeped in history and brimming with new possibilities.

Paris 2024: A Brief Overview

Paris is set to host the Olympic Games from July 26 to August 11, 2024. This will be the third time Paris has welcomed the Olympics, having previously hosted in 1900 and 1924. The city of lights will transform into a hub of athletic excellence, with events taking place at iconic locations such as the Stade de France, Roland Garros, and the Eiffel Tower itself.

The Vision for Paris 2024

The organizers of Paris 2024 have laid out a bold vision focused on sustainability, innovation, and inclusivity. They aim to create an event that not only dazzles in the moment but also leaves a lasting positive impact on the city and the world.

Sustainability and Innovation

Paris 2024 is committed to being the most sustainable Olympics yet. From eco-friendly construction practices to the use of renewable energy, the games will set new standards for environmental responsibility.

Inclusivity and Diversity

Inclusivity is at the heart of Paris 2024's mission. The games will feature more events for female athletes and are making strides to ensure that the Olympic and Paralympic Games are equally celebrated.

Major Sports and Events to Watch

Athletics

Track and field events are always a highlight of the Olympics, and Paris 2024 will be no exception. Look out for thrilling races, high jumps, and record-breaking performances.

Swimming

The aquatic events will take place in a state-of-the-art facility, with swimmers competing in a range of disciplines, from sprints to long-distance events.

Gymnastics

Gymnastics always captivates with its blend of strength, agility, and grace. The competition will be fierce, with athletes aiming for perfection in their routines.

New and Returning Sports

Paris 2024 will see the return of sports like baseball and softball, as well as the introduction of exciting new events such as breakdancing, which promises to bring a fresh and dynamic element to the games.

Notable Athletes to Watch

Notable Athletes to Watch

Keep an eye on seasoned Olympians who have previously wowed audiences and are returning for another shot at glory.

Rising Talents

New talents are always emerging, and Paris 2024 will be a platform for young athletes to make their mark on the world stage.

Preparations and Challenges

Infrastructure Developments

The city of Paris is undergoing significant infrastructure improvements to accommodate the influx of visitors and ensure smooth operations during the games.

Security Measures

Ensuring the safety of athletes, spectators, and residents is a top priority. Paris 2024 will implement robust security measures to protect everyone involved.

Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic

The lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic present unique challenges, but organizers are determined to host a safe and successful event with appropriate health protocols in place.

Cultural Impact of the Paris Olympics

French Culture and Heritage

The Paris Olympics will be a showcase of French culture, from its rich history to its contemporary arts and cuisine.

International Influence

The games will also be a melting pot of global cultures, bringing together people from all corners of the earth in a celebration of diversity and unity.

Economic Impact of the Games

Tourism Boost

The influx of visitors for the Olympics will provide a significant boost to the local tourism industry, benefiting hotels, restaurants, and attractions.

Job Creation

The preparations for and execution of the games will create numerous job opportunities, contributing to the local economy.

Long-term Economic Benefits

The improvements in infrastructure and international exposure will have lasting economic benefits for Paris, making it an even more attractive destination in the future.

Technological Innovations

Use of AI and Digital Technologies

Paris 2024 will leverage the latest in AI and digital technologies to enhance the efficiency of the games and the experience for spectators.

Enhancing the Spectator Experience

From advanced ticketing systems to immersive viewing experiences, technology will play a key role in making Paris 2024 unforgettable.

Environmental Initiatives

Green Building Standards

The construction of Olympic venues is being carried out with strict adherence to green building standards, ensuring minimal environmental impact.

Waste Reduction Programs

Comprehensive waste reduction and recycling programs will be in place to manage the environmental footprint of the games.

Inclusivity and Accessibility

Paralympic Games

The Paralympic Games will be given equal prominence, with facilities and events designed to highlight the incredible talents of differently-abled athletes.

Facilities for Disabled Spectators

Efforts are being made to ensure that all venues are accessible to disabled spectators, promoting an inclusive environment for everyone.

Fan Experience

Ticketing and Attendance

The ticketing system for Paris 2024 aims to be user-friendly and accessible, allowing fans from around the world to easily secure their spots.

Virtual and Augmented Reality

For those who can't attend in person, virtual and augmented reality technologies will provide immersive experiences, bringing the excitement of the games to their homes.

Media Coverage

Broadcasting Partners

Leading broadcasters from around the world will provide extensive coverage of the games, ensuring that fans don't miss a moment.

Social Media Presence

Paris 2024 will have a strong social media presence, engaging fans with real-time updates, behind-the-scenes content, and interactive features.

Legacy of the Paris Olympics

Long-term Benefits for Paris and France

The legacy of the Paris Olympics will extend far beyond the closing ceremony, with lasting benefits for the city and country in terms of infrastructure, international reputation, and community engagement.

Inspiring Future Generations

The stories and achievements from Paris 2024 will inspire future generations of athletes, fostering a love for sports and the Olympic spirit.

Conclusion

The Paris 2024 Olympic Games are set to be a remarkable event that combines tradition with innovation, celebrating the best of humanity. From world-class athletic performances to groundbreaking sustainability initiatives, Paris 2024 promises to leave an indelible mark on the world.

FAQs

Q. When are the Paris 2024 Olympic Games?
ANS. The games will take place from July 26 to August 11, 2024.

Q. What new sports will be included in Paris 2024?
ANS. Breakdancing is among the new sports added to the Paris 2024 Olympics.

Q. How is Paris 2024 promoting sustainability?
ANS. The games will feature eco-friendly construction, renewable energy use, and comprehensive waste reduction programs.

Q. What measures are being taken for security at the games?
ANS. Robust security measures will be implemented to ensure the safety of all participants and spectators.

Q. How can fans experience the games if they can't attend in person?
ANS. Virtual and augmented reality technologies will offer immersive viewing experiences for fans around the world.

World Hydrogen Summit 2024

Introduction

The World Hydrogen Summit 2024 is set to be a landmark event in the global energy calendar, bringing together leaders, innovators, and policymakers from around the world. As hydrogen emerges as a pivotal element in the quest for sustainable energy solutions, this summit promises to offer critical insights and drive forward the hydrogen agenda.

The Evolution of the World Hydrogen Summit

History and Background

The World Hydrogen Summit has been a key platform for the hydrogen community since its inception. Initially a modest gathering, it has grown exponentially, reflecting the increasing recognition of hydrogen's potential in the energy sector. Each year, the summit has introduced groundbreaking discussions and showcased innovative technologies that push the boundaries of what's possible.

Key Milestones in Previous Summits

From the first summit's modest beginnings to recent years' expansive gatherings, the World Hydrogen Summit has achieved several significant milestones. These include launching major international hydrogen initiatives, unveiling new technologies, and forming key industry partnerships that have propelled the hydrogen economy forward.

World Hydrogen Summit 2024: Key Details

Dates and Location

The World Hydrogen Summit 2024 was held from May 13 - 15 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, a city known for its innovative approach to energy and sustainability. This strategic location offers an ideal backdrop for discussions on advancing the hydrogen economy.

Theme and Objectives

The theme for this year’s summit is “Hydrogen for a Sustainable Future,” emphasizing the role of hydrogen in achieving global sustainability goals. The primary objectives are to facilitate knowledge exchange, foster international collaboration, and accelerate the commercialization of hydrogen technologies.

Major Stakeholders and Participants

Governments and Policy Makers

Governments play a crucial role in shaping the hydrogen landscape through policies and funding. The summit will feature representatives from various national governments who will share their strategies and frameworks supporting hydrogen development.

Industry Leaders and Corporations

Leading corporations in the energy, automotive, and industrial sectors will showcase their advancements and discuss their roles in the hydrogen economy. These industry leaders are pivotal in driving technological innovation and large-scale hydrogen adoption.

Research Institutions and Academia

Academic and research institutions will present their latest findings and innovations in hydrogen technology. These sessions are essential for understanding the scientific advancements that underpin the hydrogen economy.

Agenda and Program Highlights

Keynote Speakers

The summit will feature keynote addresses from prominent figures in the hydrogen industry, including CEOs of major energy companies, government officials, and leading researchers. These speeches will set the tone for the summit, highlighting the latest trends and future directions in hydrogen technology.

Panel Discussions

Panel discussions will cover a wide range of topics, from policy frameworks and regulatory challenges to technological innovations and market trends. These sessions are designed to provide a comprehensive view of the current state and future prospects of the hydrogen industry.

Workshops and Interactive Sessions

Interactive workshops will offer hands-on learning experiences, allowing participants to delve deeper into specific areas of interest. These sessions will cover topics such as hydrogen production techniques, safety protocols, and business models for hydrogen deployment.

Technological Innovations in Hydrogen

Advances in Hydrogen Production

Innovations in hydrogen production are central to making hydrogen a viable energy source. Recent advancements include electrolysis technologies that produce hydrogen from water using renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions significantly.

Storage Solutions

Effective storage solutions are crucial for the hydrogen economy. The summit will highlight the latest in hydrogen storage technologies, such as advanced tank materials and novel methods for storing hydrogen at lower costs and higher efficiencies.

Transportation Technologies

Hydrogen’s role in transportation is expanding, with new developments in fuel cell technology and hydrogen-powered vehicles. These innovations promise to revolutionize the transportation sector, offering cleaner alternatives to traditional fossil fuels.

Hydrogen and Sustainable Development

Hydrogen's Role in Achieving Net-Zero Emissions

Hydrogen is seen as a key component in achieving net-zero emissions due to its potential to replace fossil fuels in various sectors. The summit will explore how hydrogen can contribute to decarbonizing industries, from manufacturing to transportation.

Integration with Renewable Energy Sources

Integrating hydrogen production with renewable energy sources like wind and solar can create a truly sustainable energy system. This integration is critical for the large-scale adoption of hydrogen, ensuring that its production does not contribute to carbon emissions.

Case Studies of Successful Hydrogen Projects

Real-world examples of successful hydrogen projects will be presented, providing valuable insights into practical applications and lessons learned. These case studies will showcase the feasibility and benefits of hydrogen in different contexts.

Investment and Funding Opportunities

Government Grants and Subsidies

Government support through grants and subsidies is vital for the hydrogen industry’s growth. The summit will detail various national and international funding opportunities available to businesses and researchers working in the hydrogen space.

Private Sector Investments

Private sector investments are equally important in driving the hydrogen economy. Venture capitalists, corporate investors, and financial institutions will discuss the investment landscape and opportunities within the hydrogen market.

International Collaborations

Collaborative efforts between countries and organizations can accelerate hydrogen development. The summit will highlight successful international partnerships and explore new avenues for collaboration.

Policy and Regulatory Framework

Existing Policies Supporting Hydrogen Adoption

A review of existing policies that support hydrogen adoption will be conducted, showcasing how different regions are promoting hydrogen through regulatory measures. These policies are essential for creating a conducive environment for hydrogen technologies.

Future Policy Directions

Looking ahead, future policy directions will be discussed, focusing on what is needed to support the growth of the hydrogen industry. This includes potential new regulations, incentives, and international agreements.

Regulatory Challenges and Solutions

Addressing regulatory challenges is critical for the hydrogen industry’s progress. The summit will explore these challenges and propose solutions to overcome them, ensuring that hydrogen can be safely and efficiently integrated into the energy system.

Challenges Facing the Hydrogen Industry

Technical and Economic Barriers

Despite its potential, hydrogen faces several technical and economic barriers. These include high production costs, technical challenges in storage and transport, and the need for significant infrastructure development.

Market Adoption Issues

Market adoption is another hurdle, with the need to build consumer confidence and establish robust supply chains. Strategies for overcoming these adoption issues will be a key focus of the summit.

Infrastructure Development

Developing the necessary infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage, and distribution is a major challenge. The summit will discuss ongoing and planned infrastructure projects and the investments needed to bring them to fruition.

Global Perspectives on Hydrogen

Insights from Different Regions

Different regions have varied approaches to hydrogen adoption. The summit will provide insights from Europe, Asia, and North America, highlighting the unique strategies and progress in each region.

International Cooperation and Partnerships

International cooperation is crucial for the hydrogen economy’s global success. The summit will emphasize the importance of partnerships and collaborative projects that transcend national borders.

Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Strategies

A comparative analysis of hydrogen strategies from different countries will be conducted, offering a broader perspective on the most effective approaches and practices.

The Future of Hydrogen Economy

Predictions and Trends

Experts will share their predictions and identify trends that will shape the future of the hydrogen economy. This includes technological advancements, market developments, and policy changes.

Potential Impact on Global Energy Markets

Hydrogen has the potential to significantly impact global energy markets, offering a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. The summit will explore this potential impact and what it means for the future of energy.

Vision for 2050

Looking towards 2050, a vision for a hydrogen-powered world will be presented, outlining the steps needed to achieve this vision and the role hydrogen will play in our future energy system.

FAQ

Q. What is the main focus of the World Hydrogen Summit 2024?
ANS: The main focus is on advancing hydrogen as a sustainable energy source, with discussions on technology, policy, investment, and collaboration.

Q. Who should attend the World Hydrogen Summit 2024?
ANS: The summit is ideal for industry professionals, policymakers, researchers, investors, and anyone interested in the future of hydrogen technology.

Q. What role does hydrogen play in achieving net-zero emissions?
ANS: Hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in various sectors, significantly reducing carbon emissions and contributing to global sustainability goals.

First set of citizenship certificates after notification of Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024 issued

The first set of citizenship certificates after notification of Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024 were issued. Union Home Secretary Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla handed over citizenship certificates to some applicants in New Delhi. Home Secretary congratulated the applicants and highlighted salient features of the Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024. Secretary Posts, Director (IB), Registrar General of India and senior officers were also present during the interactive session.

The Government of India had notified Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024 on 11th March 2024. The Rules envisage manner of application form, procedure for processing applications by District Level Committee (DLC) and scrutiny and grant of citizenship by State Level Empowered Committee (EC). In pursuance of these rules, applications have been received from persons belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, Parsi and Christian communities from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan who have entered into India up to 31.12.2014 on account of persecution on grounds of religion or fear of such persecution.

The District Level Committees (DLCs) chaired by Senior Superintendents of Post/Superintendents of Post as designated officers, on successful verification of documents, have administered oath of allegiance to the applicants. After processing as per rules, DLCs have forwarded the applications to State Level Empowered Committee headed by Director (Census operation). Processing of application is completely done through the online portal.

The Empowered Committee, Delhi headed by Director (Census Operation), Delhi, after due scrutiny, have decided to grant citizenship to 14 applicants. Accordingly, Director (Census operation) granted certificates to these applicants.